The One Best Method You Should Be Using for Research Paper Writing Services Revealed

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Causes Of The Cold War - 1108 Words

The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union spanned almost half of a century. It led to worldwide fears and anxiety over the possibility of nuclear war and the desolation of mankind. It led to various proxy wars, costing the lives of millions in foreign nations and thousands of American and Soviet soldiers. With so much fear, death, money, and willpower going into the conflict, there must be an easy answer as to what force caused and drove the conflict. However, this topic is not met with consensus. From the onset of the Cold War to the modern day historians continue to debate over what the origin of the Cold War was. There are three major proposed causes of the Cold War: economic, ideological, and geopolitical. Noam†¦show more content†¦They focus on how business interests and bureaucratic elite affect U.S. foreign policy for their benefit. Historians who identify U.S. economic interests as the origin of the Cold War normally make two similar yet distinct ar guments. Noam Chomsky argues that the U.S. involvement in the Cold War was meant to control the vast resources in Eurasian nations, more specifically the middle east. For this reason, he describes the U.S. crusade as a â€Å"crusade against independent development outside of the structure of the global system of exploitation organized under the umbrella of U.S. power after World War II.† One in which foreign policy decisions were not made to promote foreign nations democracy and economy. Instead, Chomsky writes: â€Å"the U.S. ‘dilemma†¦involved Western European capitalist nations rather than Russia.’† Chomsky explains that the civil war in Greece and the fall of Turkey were used by the U.S. to generate foreign policy theories, such as containment, that promoted the interests of the business elite in the U.S.. Such policies allowed the U.S. to intervene and gain control over nations that they believed were susceptible to Soviet expansion. In doing so, the U.S. put themselves in a prime position to exploit Eurasian resources. Chomsky furthers that by labeling the Soviet Union as an existential threat to American freedoms the government was able mobilize support forShow MoreRelatedCauses Of The Cold War1716 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War, a conflict between the United States and Soviet Union, the two global superpowers at the time. Given the name â€Å"Cold War† only for the fact that neither the Soviet Union nor the United States fought directly with one another, instead the war was waged through allies in the form of proxy wars and through increased use of intensive espionage, a never-ending arms race, immense technological competition and on a political forefront as both sides tried to gain the upper hand. The Cold WarRead MoreCauses Of The Cold War1388 Words   |  6 PagesLESSON 26 - The Cold War Objectives: Identify the causes for the start of the Cold War Identify key actions taken by the US and the Soviet Union to prepare for war Identify how the Cold War impacted American lifestyle Identify actions taken worldwide between the Cold War combatants The Cold War Begins The Cold War was the state of hostility, without direct military confrontation, between the United States and the Soviet Union. The formation of the United Nations (UN) in 1945Read MoreCauses And Effects Of The Cold War1370 Words   |  6 PagesAbi Amarnath Mrs. Saunders 12 November 2014 English II Causes and Effects of the Cold War Richard Nixon once said of the Cold War that â€Å"the Cold War isn t thawing; it is burning with a deadly heat. Communism isn t sleeping; it is, as always, plotting, scheming, working, fighting.†(www.brainyquote.com). An analysis of the Cold War between 1947-1991 reveals that the Cold War was caused by a difference in political ideals between the USA and the Soviet Union, the aftermath of WWII, and the â€Å"IronRead More Causes Of The Cold War Essay608 Words   |  3 Pages Causes of the Cold War nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The Cold War occurred during a time of rebuilding for Europe. It characterized international relations and dominated the foreign policies of Europe. It affected all of Europe and determined lasting alliances. The Cold War was caused by the social climate and tension in Europe at the end of World War II and by the increasing power struggles between the Soviet Union. Economic separation between the Soviets and the west also heightened tensionsRead Morethe cause of the cold war Essay794 Words   |  4 Pagescausing the cold war .After the second world war , the ideological difference ,mutual distrust and the disappearance of the common enemy (germany ) , these all are the causes of the cold war .However ,these comflicts were all brought by the US . Many historians believe that the Cold War was inevitable once the common enemy, Germany, was defeated after the end of World War II. Other historians such as John Gaddis stress that neither superpower can be held solely responsible for the ideological war that lastedRead MoreCauses of the Cold War Essay15 70 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"It is clear that fear, greed and revenge were the major factors that caused the Cold War† How far do you agree with this statement when analyzing the causes of the Cold War up to 1949? The responsibility of the origins of the Cold War often triggers questions among historians yet both powers should be blamed for taking part in it. The origins of the Cold War can often be associated with fear, greed and revenge. Through most analyses, the fault was often given to Stalin’s ambitions to expandRead More Causes of the Cold War Essay741 Words   |  3 PagesCauses of the Cold War In this paper I will discuss what actions and thoughts added up to cause the cold war. The cold war lasted from September 1, 1945 to about December 25, 1991. That is about forty-five years, which is an extremely long time. The cold war was a global competition basically between two sides, the Free World, which was led by the United States of America, and the Communist World led by the Soviet Union. The struggle took place through indirect military conflict, and directRead MoreThe Causes of the Cold War Essay2058 Words   |  9 PagesIn discussions of the causes of the Cold War, one controversial issue has been the question: who caused the Cold War? On the one hand, traditional historians argue that the leaders of the Soviet Union are to blame. On the other hand, revisionists contend that the Western leaders are to blame. Others even maintain that it was both the Western and the Soviet leaders who are equally responsible for the development of the Cold War. My own view is that th e Western leaders were responsible for protectingRead More Causes of the Cold War Essay857 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral who have a different approach of whether it’s the U.S or the Soviets’ fault for causing the Cold War. In reality, they have always had clashing ideologies and different structures of government that have played a major role in leading them to embark upon such a distrustful relationship. Furthermore, the Soviets distrusted the U.S way before WWII when they intervened in the Russian Civil War and didn’t recognize the Soviet Union until 1933. As a result, during and after WWII, the Soviets wereRead MoreEssay about The Causes of the Cold War1683 Words   |  7 PagesThe Causes of the Cold War The major world powers named the international confrontation that took place between 1941 and 1991 as the Cold War. The Cold War was so named as there was no military conflict that caused an actual engagement. The United States having military victory at the end of the Second World War ensured that they would lead the European and other States. Giving them foremost position in a world context and leaving the Soviet Union with the remaining

Study of Conselling Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Conselling Answer: Introduction Counseling approaches are techniques that provide a framework for counselors and therapists to listen, understand and analyses clients behavior, related feelings, clients thoughts and behavior to help them understand clients behavioral journey from diagnosis to post-treatment stage. The approaches are an integral part of the therapeutic process that is classified in many different methods and each fit a certain behavior. These approaches are structured in a way that they help the therapist to develop their skills and help clients as its their main goal in their career. The counseling process is done in sessions conducted in varying durations depending on age. Initially, in the case of an adult therapeutic process, a session cannot go for more than two hours and for a teenager, not more than 45 minutes and below. The sessions are meant to help understand the issues affecting the client and help get a solution to help the client move on without many issues. Rebecca as a young adult is unemployed and the situation to which her jobless case presents itself is in the context of self-denial and withdrawal from her normal behavior, poor relationship terms and despondency about her future goals. There are various counseling approaches that can be used to deal with Rebeccas case to help find a probable solution. Two of the many approaches are; Cognitive and behavioral therapy approach and humanistic therapy approach. The counseling process is influenced by different factors that are meant to enhance results. The steps and procedure involved during the intervention process are according to the therapeutic set strategies and rules of counseling but are discussed or led to the client before the process begins (PENNINGTON, 2013). The role of deciding what steps to be followed is done by the counselor but after the client has agreed and given her consent. The counselor also gives guidelines and options to help solve the clients problem but the decisions on the possible solution are done by the client herself. Before administering any issue related to the client's problem, the counselor has to set an appropriate environment, favorable conditions that fit the theme of counseling as well as develop means for creation of rapport. Importance of creating a safe environment during one to one interview Enhance concentration of the client. A clients divided attention during the one to one interview may result in misunderstanding and even at times interpersonal conflicts where the client or the counselor cannot come to times with the information being given. to enhance this counselor clients concentration, I would ensure that the environment I have chosen is free from noise and other destructing factors. Also ensuring that the specific location of the interview is in line with the clients beliefs and values to prevent biases. Example, if a client doesn't believe in cults, she cannot be taken to cultic places as it might destruct her concentration during the interview. To ensure openness. A proper environment ensures that the client is able to speak out without fear and in the right manner as its stipulated in the counseling rule (SINGH, 2012)s. in this case, Rebeccas condition is vital and has even made her withdraw from her normal behaviors and relationships that had been there before and if placed in a place with no privacy, it might be hard for her to feel free and speak out all her problems as well as worries. Example, in this case, I would ensure that the interview environment is not secluded but not in an open area where everyone passing by wishes to pass her or his point by causing destructions. Influence a good outcome of the therapeutic process. Its always said that the first impression of a certain objective and activity in most cases influences the perception and outcome of the whole process. If the client, in this case, Rebecca who is a young adult, honesty and straight forwardness, as well as clarity, is very important to ensure that what the clients perceive in the first instance do not negatively affect the whole process. Example, ensuring tidiness and proper planning of the surrounding, in this case, is very important to ensure the clients observation attitude is enhanced. Being in a well-organized area means that the client may develop trust in the first instance as she believes the counselor is a good planner. Good planners are good managers and hence good controllers of attitudes that they believe are right. Importance of body language during one to one interview There are various body languages that are expressed during a one to one interview. This is mainly enhanced to pass particular information that may or may not be passed verbally. Some of this body languages and their importance include the following; Trustworthy or untrustworthy. This is a factor that is mainly observed through eye contact. Observing eye contact with the interviewer shows that the client is attentive and at high chances, he believes or trusts the interview with the information she will pass through. Staring at the interviewer so much executes that the client do not trust what the interviewer is passing and in return, the client cannot completely trust the interviewer. A smile on both the interviewer and the clients shows that both are anxious to engage in a rightful conversation with an aim that the conversation will bear good fruits. It also illustrates openness and sense of honesty as the client is able to understand that the interviewee is positive and direct to access information that would be of great importance. A sign of either agreeing or disagreeing with either of the statements given. Example, nodding of head elaborates either agreeing or disagreeing with the interviewer. Feeling of disappointment. In cases where the client is disappointed or her feelings are compromised by the interviewer, she may respond by showing a changed face like frowning or triggering bad face shapes. Lack of concentration. An example is finger fidgeting that showcases that the client is not concentrating, distracted or even bored in the process and needs time to relax or help to get back on the track. Conditions that could have an adverse impact on interactions These are factors or situations that would have negative effects on the interactions between the client and the interviewer. Some of these factors include; Low self-esteem. Due to unemployment and lack of self-believe that though there is no employment life still goes on and it will get better, the client may devalue herself to an extent that she only talks negative about herself and whatever surrounds her (LAPWORTH SILLS, 2010). This would diverse the main intentions of the interview that is meant to help establish ways to help solve the problem affecting her. Mental disorientation. This is a situation where a person appears to be fine but in the real state, her mental capacity is not okay due to depression, fatigue as well as a mental imbalance. This is a dilemma and the worst form of losing focus as only the only way to correct it is by correcting one's state of belief and personal evaluation. Rebecca withdrawing even from her family relationship status and from her behaviors and later becoming despondent about her future was as a result of hopelessness and the only way to correct this is by rebuilding oneself to start believing you can again and everything is possible. Role of contracting and negotiating skills Negotiation skills are important to help prepare the client for the processes ahead, her role, the cost and resources to be used to enhance the success of the process depending on the intensity of the issue. Active listening. The skills of contraction and negotiation are very important in addressing the service user expectations as it enhances the client to actively participate in the process and listen carefully to the service provider (MACKENZIE, 2010). This also ensures that the client is able to identify any compromising situation that may occur and also identify ways of preventing it. Cost consciousness. If there is a cost involved in the procedure to offer services, contracting skills are important as they work together with the negotiation skills to help the client make a deal on only what she can afford. Example, in counseling therapeutic services, contract services are agreed upon by the client and the therapist through the negotiation of the contract to be signed for service delivery. Emotional control. in the process of negotiation, the client with the negotiation skills is able to keep check of her emotions during the negotiation process as it may not be favorable and requires one to set basis through negotiations. Specific interviewing skills These are principles that are enhanced during the process of the interview by the interviewer. Some of these include; Adequate preparation for the interview (ROSS, NILSEN, 2013). A good preparation for any interview enhances its success. this ensures that there is no much time wasted on the day and time for the interviews. It also helps increase one courage as due preparation involves research thus reduced embarrassment cases. Specific interview objectives. This ensures that there is a distinction between the general objectives of any given interview and specific objectives for a certain interview to help prevent biases during the process. Creation of rapport. This is a process of establishing a temporary relationship with the client to help gain her trust that is vital in the process. This is done by mainly identifying some common or basic factor of a given category of people depending on the type of interview to take place. It ensures that there is the trust created between the client and the interviewer and it's very important to enhance the interview outcomes. This involves the interviewer to develop a well-written structure of the interview proceedings and development that is vital to ensure that no wastage of any production factor is wasted (RODRI?GUEZ, FRANCE, HETT, 2013). May it be resources, time or even other efforts Making notes. This involves the interviewer to prepare the proper environment where he can be able to take notes to ensure that all information given by the interviewee is recorded to prevent misunderstanding and also keep data that can be referred from time to time in reference to the line of the interview being carried out. Key features of counseling approaches used Cognitive and behavioral therapy approach; these are therapy approaches and work together on the basis of how one thinks and behaves. It's an important approach and illustrates that its possible to change or recondition our thoughts or way we conduct ourselves to help overcome specific problems. The key features of this approach are; acceptance where the client has to first accept she has the problem, try to evaluate the problem in mind and think about it, its consequences and later come to thinking and perception that it's possible. Advantages Ensures that the client understands the sources or the possible cause of the situation she is in and also accept that she has a problem. Rebecca, in this case, is able to understand that her main problem is unemployment. Helps the client to understand that one's perception of self-believe starts in the mind and it's very important. Rebecca loss of despondent in her future is not a threat as she is able to understand how she can restore her believe. Disadvantages Its not easy to administer and cannot be helpful to all individuals with cognitive issues. in this case, there is no assurance that the approach will impact to solve Rebeccas problems. Humanistic therapy approach This is a therapeutic technique that focuses on self-development and growth as one carries out her responsibilities (KWAN, 2016).The platform helps those with such problems to identify their strengths and choices here and now. The main features include; reality therapy where the client has to face reality, solution focused therapy where one should be ready to get a solution to her problem. Transpersonal therapy where the change starts in oneself. Advantages Helps one to understand that everything is possible and it's all structured in the mind. Rebecca knew that her past experiences will not determine her future and so she should pick up the pieces and move on. Disadvantages It's not a guarantee that all we passive in the mind and attempt to do will be a success. Influencing Rebecca to be positive and change her mind that she will stand strong again is not easy. Conclusion Counseling in every given society is very important and should be administered by specialized as its a technical and varying framework that changes depending on the problem at hand. Approaches used in counseling to help one identify their weak points and help them realize their abilities. All interviews are very important and should enhance self-advancement as they support the creation of courage personal development. References DASH, R. K. (2016). Professional learner's dictionary of spoken english. [Place of publication not identified], Prentice-Hall Of India. FRENCH, R. (2015). How to get a good job after 50: a step-by-step guide to job search success. Wollombi, Exisle Publishing. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=2011956. KWAN, S. S.-M. (2016). Negotiating a Presence-Centred Christian Counselling: Towards a Theologically Informed and Culturally Sensitive Approach. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=4535233. LAPWORTH, P., SILLS, C. (2010). Integration in counselling psychotherapy. Los Angeles, SAGE. MEHTA, K., KO, H. (2014). Gerontological counselling: an introductory book. MACKENZIE, I. E. (2010). English for business studies: a course for business studies and economics students. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. PENNINGTON, A. (2013). The student guide to counselling psychotherapy approaches. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1046532. RODRI?GUEZ, M. D. C., FRANCE, H., HETT, G. (2013). Diversity, culture and counselling: a Canadian perspective. Calgary, Brush Education. ROSS, C. S., NILSEN, K. (2013). Communicating professionally: a how-to-do-it manual. SINGH, O. P. (2012). Art of effective communication in group discussion and interview. New Delhi, S Chand. TASMAN, A., KAY, J., LIEBERMAN, J. A., FIRST, M. B., RIBA, M. B. (2014). Psychiatry. WIEGAND, H. E., MU?LLER, C. (2014). Handbu?cher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft an international handbook on multimodality in human interaction / ed. by Cornelia Mu?ller ... 38 Vol. 2 38 Vol. 2. Berlin [u.a.], de Gruyte

The Ninny Status Essay Example

The Ninny Status Essay The Governess by Neil Simon, and Up From the Holler there was some sort of conflict about social class each differ and are different points of view. I believe that seeing something from a deferent point of view is very important. I think that its Important because you see others perspectives on matters that you once thought about only In one way. One persons craziness Is another persons reality. said by Tim Burton. In The Ninny by Anton Chekhov took the view of the nanny Julia. In this story she was letting down with her mistress to talk about her pay. During this conversation the mistress kept on finding obscure things to pay Julia less. I knew that Julia wanted to argue back that it isnt fair to take from her pay that much. But Julia felt Like she could not argue back or she may lose her Job. Then the Mistress finally asked Julia why she wasnt standing up for herself and told her that she was getting all her pay. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ninny Status specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Ninny Status specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Ninny Status specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I think that this Is a very good description of social class and point of view. I think that about this article because Julia was from the lower class and a nanny a her mistress was room higher class so Julia didnt want to talk back, and the mistress did not see why she didnt talk back because she could. In Neil Simonys story The Governess social class affected the Mistress by making her have to show confidence when she really wasnt. Another way that social class affected her was by making her be strict Tijuana when she didnt want to. Even though she wanted to help Julia she felt that she couldnt because of her social class. I feel that being in a social class makes you act different. For instance you would not expect the same manners from someone in rower class as someone in the higher class. I think this because the people in the social class that they are in dont want to be looked down on. In Up From the Holler I took the perspective of Della. She grew up in the lower class. She also lived in a holler. At first she accepted her social class by making her home not feel like home. When Della was young she yearned to be in the upper class. So Della worked hard and made her way up to upper class and had what she had always wanted her whole life. But it didnt feel right to her. She Just wanted her kids to fit in with the other kids n her class. So over all I think that everyone is made to be in a certain social social class. No matter how you got there whether it being born into it, trying hard, or not trying at all. I think that Up From the Holler is a very good example of this because all Della wanted was to be in the upper class and she worked hard and got there, but she wasnt meant to be in the upper class so she went back to where you fit In. The Ninny Status By Slim Jim Jon-Ludwig In the three short stories that we read The Ninny by Anton Chekhov, The something from a different point of view is very important. I think that its important because you see others perspectives on matters that you once thought about only in one way. One persons craziness is another persons reality. said by Tim Burton. In The Ninny by Anton Chekhov I took the view of the nanny Julia. In this story she was sitting down with her mistress to talk about her pay. During this conversation the argue back that it isnt fair to take from her pay that much. But Julia felt like she could wasnt standing up for herself and told her that she was getting all her pay. I think hat this is a very good description of social class an d point of view. I think that about she didnt talk back because she could. In Neil Simonys story The Governess social wasnt. Another way that social class affected her was by making her be strict to Julia when she didnt want to. Even though she wanted to help Julia she felt that she couldnt because of her social class. I feel that being in a social class makes you act life. But it didnt feel right to her. She Just wanted her kids to fit in with the other kids she wasnt meant to be in the upper class so she went back to where you fit in. The Ninny Status Essay Example The Ninny Status Essay The Governess by Neil Simon, and Up From the Holler there was some sort of conflict about social class each differ and are different points of view. I believe that seeing something from a deferent point of view is very important. I think that its Important because you see others perspectives on matters that you once thought about only In one way. One persons craziness Is another persons reality. said by Tim Burton. In The Ninny by Anton Chekhov took the view of the nanny Julia. In this story she was letting down with her mistress to talk about her pay. During this conversation the mistress kept on finding obscure things to pay Julia less. I knew that Julia wanted to argue back that it isnt fair to take from her pay that much. But Julia felt Like she could not argue back or she may lose her Job. Then the Mistress finally asked Julia why she wasnt standing up for herself and told her that she was getting all her pay. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ninny Status specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Ninny Status specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Ninny Status specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I think that this Is a very good description of social class and point of view. I think that about this article because Julia was from the lower class and a nanny a her mistress was room higher class so Julia didnt want to talk back, and the mistress did not see why she didnt talk back because she could. In Neil Simonys story The Governess social class affected the Mistress by making her have to show confidence when she really wasnt. Another way that social class affected her was by making her be strict Tijuana when she didnt want to. Even though she wanted to help Julia she felt that she couldnt because of her social class. I feel that being in a social class makes you act different. For instance you would not expect the same manners from someone in rower class as someone in the higher class. I think this because the people in the social class that they are in dont want to be looked down on. In Up From the Holler I took the perspective of Della. She grew up in the lower class. She also lived in a holler. At first she accepted her social class by making her home not feel like home. When Della was young she yearned to be in the upper class. So Della worked hard and made her way up to upper class and had what she had always wanted her whole life. But it didnt feel right to her. She Just wanted her kids to fit in with the other kids n her class. So over all I think that everyone is made to be in a certain social social class. No matter how you got there whether it being born into it, trying hard, or not trying at all. I think that Up From the Holler is a very good example of this because all Della wanted was to be in the upper class and she worked hard and got there, but she wasnt meant to be in the upper class so she went back to where you fit In. The Ninny Status By Slim Jim Jon-Ludwig In the three short stories that we read The Ninny by Anton Chekhov, The something from a different point of view is very important. I think that its important because you see others perspectives on matters that you once thought about only in one way. One persons craziness is another persons reality. said by Tim Burton. In The Ninny by Anton Chekhov I took the view of the nanny Julia. In this story she was sitting down with her mistress to talk about her pay. During this conversation the argue back that it isnt fair to take from her pay that much. But Julia felt like she could wasnt standing up for herself and told her that she was getting all her pay. I think hat this is a very good description of social class an d point of view. I think that about she didnt talk back because she could. In Neil Simonys story The Governess social wasnt. Another way that social class affected her was by making her be strict to Julia when she didnt want to. Even though she wanted to help Julia she felt that she couldnt because of her social class. I feel that being in a social class makes you act life. But it didnt feel right to her. She Just wanted her kids to fit in with the other kids she wasnt meant to be in the upper class so she went back to where you fit in.

Avon Guiding Coalition essays

Avon Guiding Coalition essays The change event for Avon Products, Inc. has been identified as transforming product ordering in the United States from a disjointed, multi-stage process which currently includes orders by mail, fax, phone, or internet to a strictly internet online order system. The transformed system will be completely functional by March 2006. To accomplish this task, a powerful guiding coalition will be necessary. The dictionary description of guiding is "one who shows the way by leading or directing" and coalition is "an alliance or union, especially a temporary one". The business environment at this time is rapidly changing. As such, to succeed, businesses must recognize that large-scale changes will only be possible as a result of new strategies, reengineering, restructuring, mergers, acquisisitions, downsizing, new products or new market development (Kotter, p 56, 1996). It is necessary to have a coalition with strong, credible leadership to be highly effective in this type of business climate. It must be strong one with the right composition, level of trust, and shared objective. Building such a team is always an essential part of the early stages of any effort to restructure, reengineer, or retool a set of strategies" (Kotter, p 52, 1996). Significant change, such as the one proposed for Avon, will certain ly require an alliance of strong leaders for the transformation to not only occur, but to have long term success. The steps to putting together the guiding coalition will include: 1) having enough key players on board, including mainline managers; 2) having coalition members with expertise so that informed, intelligent decisions are made; 3) having coalition members with credibility so pronouncements will be taken seriously by all employees; and 4) having coalition members that are proven leaders. John P. Kotter cites that major transformations are often associated with one highly visible individual" (p. ...

The Donation of Constantine

The Donation of Constantine The Donation of Constantine  (Donatio Constantini, or sometimes just Donatio) is one of the best-known forgeries in European history. It is a medieval document which pretends to have been written in the early fourth century, giving large areas of land and related political power, as well as religious authority, to Pope Sylvester I (in power from 314 – 335 CE) and his successors. It had a little immediate impact after being written but grew to be heavily influential as time went on.​​ Origins of the Donation We’re not certain who faked the Donation, but it seems to have been written circa 750-800 CE in Latin. It might be connected to the coronation of Pippin the Short in 754 CE, or the grand imperial coronation of Charlemagne in 800 CE, but could easily have been to aid Papal attempts to challenge Byzantium’s spiritual and secular interests in Italy. One of the more popular views has the Donation being created in the mid-eighth century at the behest of Pope Stephen II, in order to aid his negotiations with Pepin. The idea was that the Pope approved the transfer of the great central European crown from the Merovingian dynasty to the Carolingians, and in return, Pepin would not just give the Papacy the rights to Italian lands, but would actually ‘restore’ what had been given long before by Constantine. It appears that the rumor of a Donation or something similar had been traveling around the relevant parts of Europe since the sixth century and that whoever create d it was producing something people expected to exist. Contents of the Donation The Donation begins with a narrative: Sylvester I was supposed to have cured Roman Emperor Constantine of leprosy before the latter gave his support to Rome and the Pope as the heart of the church. It then moves into the granting of rights, a ‘donation’ to the church: the Pope is made the supreme religious ruler of many great capitals- including the newly expanded Constantinople- and given control of all the lands given to the church throughout Constantine’s empire. The Pope is also given the Imperial Palace in Rome and the western empire, and the ability to appoint all kings and emperors ruling there. What this meant, if it had been true, was that the Papacy had the legal right to rule a large area of Italy in a secular fashion, which it did during the medieval period. History of the Donation Despite containing such a massive benefit to the papacy, the document appears to have been forgotten in the ninth and tenth centuries, when struggles between Rome and Constantinople raged over who was superior, and when the Donation would have been useful. It wasn’t until Leo IX in the mid-eleventh century that the Donation was quoted as evidence, and from then on it became a common weapon in the struggle between the church and secular rulers to carve up power. Its legitimacy was rarely questioned, although there were dissenting voices. The Renaissance Destroys the Donation In 1440 a Renaissance Humanist called Valla published a work which broke the Donation down and examined it: the ‘Discourse on the Forgery of the Alleged Donation of Constantine. Valla applied the textual criticism and interest in history and classics which grew so prominent in the Renaissance to show, among many criticisms and in an attacking style we might not consider academic these days, that the Donation was not written in the fourth century. Once Valla had published his proof, the Donation was increasingly seen as a forgery, and the church couldn’t rely on it. Valla’s attack on the Donation helped promote humanist study and in a small way helped lead to the Reformation.

Workplace Discriminations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Workplace Discriminations - Research Paper Example Discriminations can occur both in direct and indirect forms. Workplace discriminations affect both the employer and employee in many ways. Employee may face immense damage to his mental health as a result of employment discriminations. Discriminated employee may not show many interests in working hard for the organization and therefore the productivity of the organization may come down. Moreover, workplace discrimination cases may destroy the image and brand value of the company in many ways. Many federal, state and local laws are prevailing in America in order to avoid workplace discriminations; however, these laws are not fully successful in avoiding discriminations at American workplaces. Employees and employers should work together to avoid discriminations at workplaces. This paper analyses various types of workplace discriminations, its effect on employees and employers, federal, state and local laws to prevent workplace discrimination etc. Workplace Discriminations Globalizatio n has brought too many changes in the business world, and exchange of workforce is one among them. Majority of the prominent organizations in the world are currently keeping an extremely diverse workforce to accommodate the true spirit of globalization. However, the cases of work discrimination are also growing day by day due to various reasons. â€Å"Discrimination means treating some people differently from others. It isn't always unlawful - some people are paid different wages depending on their status and skills†( Directgov, n.d. para. 1). It can be witnessed in organizational functions such as hiring, promotion, job assignment, termination, and compensation. In places where employment discrimination is strictly prohibited, it may appear in other different forms. Even though cultural differences among workers are one of the major reasons, there are many other reasons for workplace discriminations. Race, ethnicity, gender, stereotyping, or differences in religious beliefs, sexual orientation, marriage, pregnancy, disability, age etc can also cause workplace discrimination in one way or another. Workplace discrimination can affect the productivity and efficiency of an employee negatively. In other words, it can cause damage both to the employee and the employer. Team work is necessary for an organization to function efficiently and the cases of discrimination may spoil the team spirit among the employees. America is one of the most civilized and advanced countries in the world, in which secular democracy exists. However the cases of workplace discrimination are numerous in America compared to that in some other parts of the world. In America, all types of workplace discriminations are prohibited by federal, state and local laws. However, the cases of workplace discrimination are growing every day in America. Different types of workplace discriminations Based on the nature and type, workplace discrimination can be classified as direct discrimination, i ndirect discrimination, harassment and victimization. Direct Discrimination â€Å"Direct discrimination happens when an employer treats an employee less favorably than someone else. For example, it would be direct discrimination if a driving job was only open to male applicants† (Directgov, n.d. para. 3). It should be noted that driving requires many physical as well as mental skills and because of that many companies have the habit of avoiding placing females in such positions. However, if a female comes forward to take the responsibility of a driver, she should be allowed to do so if she has all the other required qualifications to excel in that position. Otherwise, such practices can be labeled as direct workplace discrimination. Since different communities are running different schools, the

Poetry and the World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Poetry and the World - Essay Example Learning institutions are interested on inventing the most effective ways of preparing students for future social responsibilities. Teachers have also felt the need of offering fewer lectures, integrating modern technology in the learning experience, employment of collaborative learning strategies when appropriate and to making the learning environment more favorable and interactive (Bonwell and Eison 47). This paper aims at reviewing a series of previous lessons that demonstrate significant promotion of pupil learning strategies in the curriculum area of literacy. The review will extensively analyze the entire activities in the poetry training lessons. The sequence of the study will begin by a rationalized explanation of the selection of certain ideas in lessons as well as identification of order in classroom lessons. This is followed by the description of the lesson’s implementation plan and the identification of lesson goals and objectives. The most effective way of actuali zing pedagogical method will also be discussed in line with the acquired knowledge after full execution of the method. Finally, the study will undertake an evaluative reflection on the lessons. This will necessitate the evaluation the strengths and weaknesses training approach. The factors that have led to the success of the lesson will equally be discussed in the essay. The study will commence by reviewing the first lesson in the sequence of six lessons taught in literacy, which entailed working with a lively and chatting group of pupils in Primary 6/5. The aim of the interactive participation was to incorporate writing in teaching poetry. According to facilitation learning theory, effectively learning is in most cases facilitated by teachers serving as facilitators to pupils by creating an atmosphere where students will feel comfortable to discuss their past activities and experiences (Phillips 43). Therefore, I decided to use this approach to facilitate the development of the pup il’s literacy skills by giving pupils opportunities to communicate, collaborate, and build relationships. The incorporation of students in class activities is incredibly vital in facilitating active learning. As defined, active learning is the introduction of a favorable environment that gives an opportunity for students to listen, write, reflect, and read. Active learning is necessitated by role playing, cases study, problem-solving exercises, as well as formation of informal group discussion (Carson 97). Recent studies have as well confirmed that, active learning is extremely decisive motivating learning among students. Through active learning, pupils developed creative writing practice in prose. As a result of employing active learning approach, I did not encounter much trouble in handing pupils assignments that involved individuals and collaborative writing. Moreover, pupils under study were in the second level of Literacy in A Curriculum for Excellence (CFE). According t o CFE guidelines, after every lesson, pupils are expected to have developed the ability to create their own stories, poems, and plays with appealing structures, characters, and settings. ENG 1-31a We as well employed communication mechanism in the lesson by sharing past experiences form teachers and students. Through effective communication,

Brand Loyalty - Thesis Proposal Essay Example for Free

Brand Loyalty Thesis Proposal Essay The current financial crisis has spread around the world and no consumer has stayed untouched. In economic downturns, consumers are trying to better manage their expenses due to uncertainty for the future. In such cases, their brand loyalty might be shaken. Especially for UK consumers, whose purchasing power is lower than the other nations, the situation in the beginning of 2010 seems to be much more difficult. Hence, the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of the current recession on UK consumers’ brand loyalty. A quantitative method will be employed and the empirical data will be collected through questionnaire survey with a sample of fifty UK consumers from the area of Thessaloniki. The questionnaire survey will be distributed to different people regardless of age and demographic characteristics, backgrounds and attitudes. The results of the study will aim to show that not all consumers’ brand loyalty has been shaken the same by the recession but some types of consumers were more affected compared to others. Furthermore, the research will aim to indicate that brand loyalty varies over products so some product and service categories lost a big part of their market share. The findings might be interesting and useful to several companies that would like to be aware both of the profiles of the customers that are more likely to switch to cheaper brands and the products that will easily lose a part of their market share during a recession so that can formulate the appropriate marketing strategy. In the highlighted part right the name of the area where it will be easier for to distribute fifty surveys and get them back. What Influences brand loyalty towards cigarette brands in the UK market? Brand loyalty has been a one of the biggest issues in the world of marketing over the last years. The two topics of brand loyalty and cigarette smoking have rarely been linked. A possible reason for this is that researchers might feel that it is in some way unethical to provide managerial suggestions for tobacco producers. The aim of this study is to clarify that matter and get knowledge about which product-related, psychographic, health-related and demographic factors influence the brand loyalty among smokers and to what extent. By examining brand loyalty towards cigarette brands, those factors which in fact decrease brand loyalty can be identified. In the literature review, the necessary background will be referenced to answer the research questions. The research will be conducted on a quantitative basis. The main research method used will be questionnaire survey. It is the researcher’s belief that this study will provide new and interesting perspective on the topic of brand loyalty, as well as the researcher hopes that the results will be beneficial for social marketers in their fight against cigarette smoking. What effect does sponsorship have on brand loyalty: A case study of Vodafone customers An increasingly larger marketing budget is allocated to sponsoring in companies. This has triggered the attention of the academics to research what the exact effects of sponsorship on a sponsoring brand are. This study fills a gap in the sponsorship literature by focusing on both current customers and looking at sponsorship from both negative and positive perspective. It researches what the effects of sponsorship are on brand loyalty for current customers concerning a sponsored party. Prior literature on both sponsorship and brand loyalty is explored to establish a sound theoretical reference. The review will demonstrate that negative and positive incidences as the context has a negative and positive effect respectively on attitude change toward the sponsored party, which in turn influences change in brand loyalty. The established theoretical reference is tested by means on a questionnaire survey. The sample will consist of Vodafone customers, which are tested on the change in attitudes toward the sponsored team (McLaren-Mercedes Formula 1 team for Vodafone) and on the change in attitudes and behavior toward the sponsoring brand.

Childhood Presented in To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee and The Blu

Childhood Presented in To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee and The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison Childhood should be a time of great learning, curiosity, joy, playfulness and guiltlessness. The reality is that it can be a time of extreme vulnerability and dependency. The innocence and fragility of a child is easily manipulated and abused if not nurtured and developed. Family relationships are crucial in the flourishing of young minds, but other childhood associations are important too. These include school life, friends, play and peer-group. Both novels portray these factors and their effects on the character formation of their subjects, to some extent and, show that growing up can be a painful process greatly accelerated by the events that the children encounter. Scout and Jem are the daughter and son of Atticus Finch, a widowed lawyer based in Maycomb, twenty miles from Finch's Landing the family plot. They are a white, middle class family who have a black cook/housekeeper. Their story is written in To Kill a Mocking Bird, which was published in 1960. It's author, Harper Lee, was a white woman who incorporated many of her own childhood experiences into the book. She too came from a small, sleepy town in Alabama, her own father was a lawyer and her childhood friend was Trueman Capote, from whom she drew inspiration for Scout and Jem's friend Dill. Perhaps the most influential of the events that occurred during Lee's childhood was the Scottsboro Trials, where nine innocent young black men were accused of raping two white women. This was undoubtedly the inspiration for the climax of the novel, the rape trial of Tom Robinson. Lee wrote the novel in the late 1950's at the beginning of the Civil Rights Move... ...nced, and easy to read way. The character of the narrator Scout is infused with wit and humour and she paints pictures of lazy summer days at play, while still managing to deal with the rape trial and its aftermath. Her characters develop throughout the novel by a series of moralistic encounters with neighbours and family, until by the end of the novel Scout realises that they have learnt so much and remarks: "As I made my way home, I though Jem and I would get grown but there wasn't much else left for us to learn, except possibly algebra." (To Kill a Mocking Bird, P308) Lee certainly gets her point across but does so in a gentler, less harrowing way. BIBLIOGRAPHY To Kill a Mocking Bird, Harper Lee, William Heinemann Ltd, 1960. The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison, Picador, 1990. - OTHER RESOURCES USED www.sparknotes.com www.pinkmonkey.com

11 & 12 Language related assignment Essay

Generative Context A woman student in Brighton walked home by herself late at night and was mugged. She was carrying a lot of cash, didn’t tell her friends she was leaving the club and walked down some dark steps. The next day I criticised her actions. 2. Meaning We use this form to express a critical attitude towards the past actions of someone else. (Advice after the event – Rosemary Aitken – Teaching Tenses – p. 138) 3. Form (subject) + should (+ not) + have + past participle 4. Phonemic transcription, including marking the main stressed syllables (Longman dictionary of contemporary English) Particular attention needs to be paid to the weak form of â€Å"have† and, possibly there may need to be some revision of the various pronunciations of the â€Å"ed† ending of the past participle 5. Concept checking questions (with answers), and, where appropriate, time lines, diagrams, pictures, etc Did she go home by herself? Yes Was it dangerous? Maybe Was it a good idea? No Am I criticising her? Yes Am I talking about the past or the future? The past Entirely accurate Accesses reference material & reference information learned about language to an appropriate source No evidence – even implicit – of appropriate source being referenced Evidence (even implicit) of some referencing of appropriate sources Plenty of explicit evidence of appropriately referenced research Uses written language which is clear, accurate and appropriate to the task Numerous errors

Conflicts in the work of teams are inevitable since

Conflicts in the work of teams are inevitable since team members will undoubtedly find themselves in contradiction over the nature of work and ways it can be done in the best possible way. In teams involving members with culturally diverse backgrounds, the challenge of conflict management will be even greater.These people will rely on â€Å"different conflict norms, different conflict styles, and different conflict rhythms† (Ting-Toomey, 1999). Therefore, the training program for cross-cultural supervisors has to involve issues related to cross-cultural management and its relationship to conflicts. The consideration of the following two cases can be a useful guide to managing cross-cultural conflict in organizational teamwork.Situation 1This situation arose in a team that included a Chinese, three Americans, and an Indian employee. The five worked pretty comfortably together until a certain point. However, it was soon found out that one of the Americans regularly involved in p reparing reports for the Chinese man was not happy with his obligations. It turned out that the Chinese man expected him to do more than was accepted in other departments in preparation of similar reports.The Chinese naturally relied on the American to do it because they were friends. However, Jon (the American employee) was soon tired of doing extra work for someone without getting recognition for the project. At first he tried to be nice, but soon rebelled, which resulted in a nasty scene between the two.In this case, the conflict was the result of both cultural and personal differences. Both were unprepared to handle similar situations and perhaps uncertain of their exact responsibilities in the project.The Chinese employee, coming from a highly collectivist culture, expected friends to help even if it meant serious effort investment on his side. The American, on his part, was bound by the cultural notion that one has to be nice and helpful in professional surroundings. The typic al response of an open US business culture would be to vent unwillingness right away. Jon, because of his personal character, did not share his feelings only to rebel later on.In this case, the team leader solved the problem in a ‘global’ way. He realized that part of the problem was the loose definition of boundaries between employees’ respective responsibilities, which caused confusion. So, all five team members took time to sort out their duties in an effective way.The team leader also proposed a strategy for handling conflict, suggesting that issues be brought up immediately and discussed in the open. To stress this effort, he proposed to organize a team get-together every Friday night where he encouraged employees to confront each other with problematic issues in a friendly atmosphere. This communication strategy seems effective as long as employees are enthusiastic about the initiative.Situation 2The second situation involved a Native American employee in a team supervised by a Western European manager. The problems started right from the time when the team was put together. The Native American employee, aged 32, came from an impoverished reservation background, and learned his computing skills after moving to the city at the age of 23. Being naturally smart, he soon became an expert in his field.However, he had a distinct problem with time management: never submitted reports on time, tended to complete assignments in a haphazard manner, and in general worked in the â€Å"fits and starts† mode. This served him well in an IT company where he was previously employed. However, the new project manager of mixed Dutch-German origin was not at all pleased with the new employee.The source of the conflict was a distinctly different understanding of time by European and Native American culture (LeBaron, 2003). Time was less important in the understanding of the Native American employee. It was a continuum involving past and present and s tretching into the future, rather than the dominant present with its strict deadlines and pressures. Another contributing factor was the European manager’s lack of intercultural experience.He had hardly ever worked abroad before the assignment and certainly never dealt with indigenous cultures. Added to the ethnic culture clash was the conflict of cultures supported by different industries. IT companies are known for their relaxed employee attitudes, while manufacturing to which the IT specialist transferred is less relaxed.

Hepatisis Example

Hepatisis Example Hepatisis – Coursework Example Hepatitis B and C Hepatitis B and C Hepatitis B and C are some of the common and potentially fatal hepatitis category diseases. There are certain similarities governing both of these diseases. Transmission of the hepatitis C virus occurs through blood-to-blood contact. In certain situations, contact of body fluids such as seamen during sex with an infected person may lead to the transmission of hepatitis C virus. The sharing of piercing equipment is a leading avenue for the transmission of the virus. On the other hand, transmission of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) occurs through body fluids such as seamen, virginal secretions, and blood. Common symptoms of hepatitis B include anorexia, fatigue, low-grade fever, vomiting, nausea, disturbances in sleep pattern, gastrointestinal bleeding, and mental confusion. The clinical presentation of hepatitis B is through the presence of the following jaundice, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, Palmar erythema, spider nevi, muscle wasting, spider angiomas , myocarditis, pericarditis, and diffuse intravascular coagulation (Shih, 2011). On the other hand, hepatitis C may prove to be asymptomatic. However, some patients present symptoms such as decompensated liver disease symptoms, paresthesias, myalgias, sicca syndrome, arthralgias, and jaundice. Currently, vaccination for hepatitis B has been developed and infants who are at the risk of contracting the virus through mother to child should receive the vaccine. In addition, other individuals at a higher risk of being infected should seek the vaccine. Acute hepatitis B requires first-line oral therapy (p. 43). Nursing care should ensure that there is proper monitoring of the patient through blood tests in order to prevent the occurrence of a chronic case. Nursing care of patients with chronic hepatitis presenting liver damage should ensure a dietary restriction that involves low sodium and high protein diets. Treatment of acute hepatitis seeks to prevent the progression of the disease an d minimize the chances of transmission. On the other hand, hepatitis C does not have any vaccine now. However, patients with acute hepatitis C can receive standard therapy of six months, which proves to be highly effective. Treatment of comprises of a combination of antiviral drugs as well as HCV protease and polymerase inhibitors. Serious cases of hepatitis C may require a liver transplant. Both hepatitis B and C can trigger serious liver damages (p. 87). Since different viruses cause the two diseases, the types of treatments vary according to the genotype of the virus.ReferenceShih, C. (2011). Chronic hepatitis B and C: Basic science to clinical applications. Singapore: World Scientific.

Dorudon - Facts and Figures

Dorudon - Facts and Figures Name: Dorudon (Greek for spear-toothed); pronounced DOOR-ooh-don Habitat: Seashores of North America, northern Africa and the Pacific Ocean Historical Epoch: Late Eocene (41-33 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 16 feet long and half a ton Diet: Fish and mollusks Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; distinctive teeth; nostrils on top of head; lack of echolocation abilities    About Dorudon For years, experts believed that the scattered fossils of the prehistoric whale Dorudon actually belonged to juvenile specimens of Basilosaurus, one of the largest cetaceans that ever lived. Then, the unexpected discovery of unmistakably juvenile Dorudon fossils demonstrated that this short, stubby whale merited its own genusand may actually have been preyed on by the occasional hungry Basilosaurus, as evidenced by bite marks on some preserved skulls. (This scenario was dramatized in the BBC nature documentary Walking with Beasts, which portrayed Dorudon juveniles being gobbled up by their larger cousins). One thing that Dorudon shares in common with Basilosaurus is that both of these Eocene whales lacked the ability to echolocate, since neither of them possessed a characteristic melon organ (a mass of soft tissues that acts as a kind of lens for sound) in their foreheads. This adaptation appeared later in cetacean evolution, spurring the appearance of larger and more diverse whales that subsisted on a wider variety of prey (Dorudon, for instance, had to content itself with presumably slow-moving fish and mollusks).

Analysis of The Tribute Money Painting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of The Tribute Money Painting - Essay Example The artist encodes very little information about what is going on in the story – there is an obvious depiction of Jesus featured prominently in the center, who is surrounded by his apostles (as shown by their halos). But indications of who is very small and very subtle – many of the apostles look very similar to each other. Similarly, there is no obvious indication of exactly what is going on. The architecture and the actions of the people on the margins of the painting tell the story, while the rest is simply a portrait of important people in Christianity. All of this speaks to a highly religious society where the viewer would be expected to be highly literate in the story, where this painting works both as a retelling and reinforcement of a story that the public would already know. The composition of the wardrobes in this painting also give interesting hints about the Italian culture’s understanding of the timing and role of religion in their society. The dress is a mix of different types of clothing – Jesus and the apostles wear what is essentially a Roman toga – yet the person in the front right of the composition wears a clearly Italian tunic, with a tight set of leggings under a lose belted garment. The architecture likewise bears resemblances to both Roman architectures with round arches and renaissance architecture (78). This mixing of contemporary and ancient probably speaks to a variety of things. Firstly, it could simply speak to the Renaissance ideals of harkening back to Rome – the people in the renaissance described themselves as being part of a rebirth of Roman ideology, technology, and culture, and actively rejected and insulted the Middle Ages (3). So this mixing of ancient Rome and modern Italy could be simply a representation of Renaissance sensibilities – as the natural successors to ancient Rome in culture and history, it is natural to mix the two together and represent them as very chronolog ically close. This representation could mean something different, however, if given a religious interpretation.        

Family Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Family Problems - Essay Example Adrian and Brenda meet the age threshold of sixteen years and above and their marriage would, therefore, be deemed legal if the group leader of the ‘People of Jesus’ leader was deemed authorized to conduct the religious marriage ceremony and the garage was a registered religious building. Having met all the criteria for a valid marriage, a question arises as to the financial responsibility and child maintenance in case of a divorce. Soon after the birth of the twins implying about nine months, the relationship between Brenda and Adrian has broken down and now she is seeking a divorce from him. Brenda should have in mind that the petition for divorce can only be lodged after the lapse of one year and the relationship has permanently broken down and the marriage must have been recognized in the United Kingdom in the first place. She can do that through filing a petition for divorce with reasons for the divorce, apply for a decree nisi if Adrian agrees to the petition or ap ply for a decree absolute which will legally end the marriage.

How do people personality changes in places and how it's related to Essay

How do people personality changes in places and how it's related to movement - Essay Example The police officer is seen as a person who ensures the highway traffic situation is under control. The police officer stops robberies and resolves accidents. How the people’s personality change in places in relation to movement. Further, Aaron Taylor (2012,) reiterates that The Red Shoes film shows personality changes are included in movement changes within each of the fantasy film activity. For example, the company creates movie scenes that focus the camera on the main characters, just like in the film, The Red Shoes. Further, the film makers placed the cameras nearer the actors in order to make the audience focus on what the actor does during the entire movie part. With the cameras focusing most of the screen shots on the main actors, the audience will also focus on what the main actor or actress does or does not does not do. The new film making trend reiterates the importance of distance in making each film shot. The new emphasis is to create a maximum 9 feet close distance between the characters and the film cameras. The close distance will ensure that the cameras capture the important personality changes contributing to the effective movement change. With the closer camera shots, the actors’ and actresses’ acts are recorded. Further, James Naremore (1990) theorized that intimate acting generates a great potential of transforming a mere film scene to masterpiece film output. The film directors must ensure that the actors perform their part of the script with precision. The film directors make the camera shots timed to take the required movie parts. The directors institute the shooting script to coincide with the actors’ and actresses’ musical, word, and action scripts. In fact, the there must be a chronological order of camera shots that are time to complete the mental image of the film characters. For example, a close up scene of two persons in silent tight embrace, dancing the ballet parts, persuades the audience to thin k that the two dancers are in love with each other. Further, James Naremore (1990) insists that the careful shading of the film camera’s outputs poses a great potential for the right mix of the film taking of the actors’ and actresses’ facial expressions. Everyone can bring out a sense of organic vision to the filming of the movie stories. Naremore insists that the â€Å"filming of the characters’ movements should be on the same professional level as the setting up of the sequence of film shots. The film shots include zooming in, zooming out, panning, scanning, and making still shots. Additionally, the New York Magazine (1987) the film characters can enhance the changing their personalities by including adjustments to their physical appearance. For example, a change from a finely combed hair to an uncombed hair enhances the character change from the individuals’ depicting of a prior happy character to a new angry film character. Further, a change of the characters’ uniform from a finely pressed one to tattered uniform enhances the characters’ personality change from one who is â€Å"in order† to one who is â€Å"in complete disarray†. Personality changes in relation to gravity. Hattonn reiterated that â€Å"

Sexual orientation prejudice and homophobic bullying

Sexual orientation prejudice and homophobic bullying In todays society, many homosexual individuals are dealing with harassment, threats, and violence on a daily basis. Homosexuals are far more likely to be victims of a violent hate crime than any other minority group in the United States, according to a new analysis of federal hate crime statistics (Southern Poverty Law Center, 2010). Research shows that almost two thirds of lesbian, gay and bisexual teens experience homophobic bullying in British schools (Equality and Human rights commission, 2007). Similarly, many homosexual teens in U.S. schools are often subjected to such intense bullying that they are unable to receive a satisfactory level of education (Chase, 2001), with 28% of gay students dropping out altogether (Bart, 1998). Homophobic bullying is currently an issue of epidemic proportions in society today, so much so that both the British Prime Minister David Cameron, the U.S. President Barack Obama, and many more politicians, activists and celebrities have recorded personal messages for the It gets better campaign, a project set up in September 2010 to inspire hope for gay youth facing harassment. This campaign came about as a response to the recent string of suicides among young homosexuals in the U.S. I feel that the design of an intervention to tackle the problem of sexual orientation prejudice and homophobic bullying is of the upmost importance to society, as the benefits to society from reducing homophobic bullying would far outweigh the costs of funding this intervention in schools. The harm from bullying and the toll it takes not only on young homosexual teens but also to society at large is far greater than people realize. I feel it is less likely that a youngster will succeed in life and have the ability to fully contribute to society without an adequate level of education. Statistics show that anti-gay bullying truncates a childs academic ability to excel for example, 7 out of 10 pupils who experience homophobic bullying state this has an impact on their school work and also their attendance (Stonewall, 2007). And the cost, while initially about the child, is a greater cost to us as a society in the long run. However, perhaps the most significant cause of concern to society is the grave issue of suicides committed by gay teens. In September 2010 alone, 5 young people, victims of homophobic bullying, committed suicide. One of these victims, 18-year-old Tyler Clementi, jumped off the George Washington Bridge in New York City after discovering classmates has posted videos of his sexual encounters on the internet. Another, thirteen-year-old Asher Brown, shot himself after severe harassment by fellow classmates. I feel that this snowball effect of teen suicides in the U.S. highlights the damaging effect of homophobic bullying to society, and I am proposing an intervention to prevent such occurrences from escalating. Aims The aim of this intervention is to reduce the incidences of homophobic bullying behaviour in the mainstream school setting by changing attitudes towards homophobic bullying. In order to do this I would suggest educating pupils on issues around sexual orientation and also on the severe negative consequences of bullying. I would introduce weekly classes in the curriculum designed to focus on these particular issues for example, it could be taught in pastoral care classes, not only with the aim of educating the children and reducing the bullying, but also empowering pupils to report bullying. One recent study which has had major success with the introduction of a gay awareness class was Stoke Newington School in London. In one lesson, pupils were taught about significant gay historical figures who positively contributed to society, such as authors and playwrights James Baldwin and Oscar Wilde, artist Andy Warhol, and mathematician, computer science pioneer and war time code breaker Ala n Turing. Elly Barnes, the teacher who runs the class in Stoke Newington School, stated that, four years on from when she initiated the scheme, homophobic bullying has been more or less eradicated in the school (Learner, 2010). I feel that this case is a positive and pioneering exemplar from which many schools could learn. Design As I feel a one-time lecture on homophobic bullying would have little impact on levels of bullying in the long-term, I am proposing a weekly class to be run in schools with the agenda of educating pupils on issues around sexual orientation and also on the severe negative consequences of bullying. I would introduce weekly classes in the curriculum designed to focus on these particular issues for example, it could be taught in pastoral care classes, not only with the aim of educating the children and reducing the bullying, but also empowering pupils to report bullying. I am proposing that the intervention take place at the school setting, as bullying so often stems from within the school environment, and the aim is to eradicate this at the grass roots. Methods Before starting the intervention I would measure the pupils attitudes towards homosexuality using an affective questionnaire and a cognitive questionnaire the Index of Homophobia (Hudson and Ricketts, 1980) and the Modified attitudes towards sexuality scale (Price, 1982), respectively. I would then ask students to fill out these questionnaires again at the end of the school year so as to measure whether attitudes have been improved following the intervention. I would use a direct approach to reduce the sexual orientation prejudice by including a weekly pastoral care class into the schools curriculum in which educators would promote diversity in multicultural societies, group equality, and teach pupils about the history of the Gay Rights Movement. I would also aim to get the pupils involved by having group discussions and role-plays to increase empathy for outgroups, and by bringing in gay guest speakers in order to improve understanding and attitudes, and to correct some misguided stereotypes and faulty generalisations that heterosexual pupils may hold against their homosexual classmates. I would also hope that having the chance to meet a positive role model from the gay community who does not conform to the negative stereotypes would create dissonance-induced attitude change. I would attempt to change the social norms of the school environment, by introducing a zero tolerance policy in the school, which states that no-one shall be discri minated against for their religion, race, disability, or sexual orientation, and educate the teachers so that they also must follow this policy. Also, I would set aside a class to talk about the issue of derogatory phrases and how they could make gay students feel, as a recent study showed that 97% of gay pupils hear offensive phrases such as dyke, bender or poof used in school and 98% of gay pupils hear the phrases thats so gay when people are referring to something they feel is rubbish or stupid (Stonewall, 2007). The intention would be to create perspective-taking (i.e. How would you feel if you were gay and heard those derogatory phrases?) and instil empathy for the outgroup. One theoretical framework which supports this is the Intergroup Contact Theory (Allport, 1954). Allport proposed that intergroup contact between two groups should reduce prejudice as long as the following were present: common group goals, equal status, intergroup co-operation and support of authorities. Therefore in the intervention, I would set tasks which both groups would have to work on to achieve a superordinate goal, I would structure the task so as the groups must rely upon each other in order to achieve this superordinate goal, and I would make sure that equality of all sexual orientations is promoted. The school itself and its educators would constitute as the authority which supports both groups. I feel that this would work in either a real situation (whereby gay individuals have disclosed their sexuality to their classmates and feel confident to be categorized as homosexual) or in an imagined situation (for example, a role-play, as many pupils who are gay may not wish to d isclose this information, nor would we force them to do so). I believe that the latter may well occur as in order to avoid social stigma many gay young people hide their sexuality. Therefore, in this instance I would use the theoretical framework of Imagined Intergroup Contact (Crisp Turner, 2009). This theory suggests that simply getting participants to conjure up a mental simulation of a positive intergroup encounter leads to improved attitudes towards the outgroup. I would also use indirect approaches to reduce prejudice by educating pupils on moral reasoning, promote egalitarianism within the school setting, and promote respect, understanding and tolerance of others no matter what their background is. I would also incorporate modern media into the school environment, such as using examples from music, film and TV programs to teach pupils about other cultures and groups. This is supported by the Parasocial contact hypothesis theory (Schiappa, Gregg and Hewes, 2005), which states that the illusion of face-to-face contact with interaction can change prejudices, as people process mass media relationships in the same way as they process real-life interpersonal interactions. Schiappa, Gregg and Hewes (2005) found that parasocial contact reduced prejudice toward the outgroup. Although the intergroup contact theory can be used for many groups such as opposing ethnic minority groups, opposing religious groups, opposing sports teams and so on, research has shown that the theory has been particularly successful in reducing prejudice toward homosexuals. Applying the intergroup contact theory to sexual orientation groups, Herek (1987) found that heterosexuals who had experience of pleasant interactions with a homosexual tend to accept the homosexual community in general. It was also shown that increased contact with a homosexual was a better predictor of changed attitudes than any other factor, including gender, race, socioeconomic background and so on (Herek and Glunt, 1993). I would also create a classroom discussion about why certain individuals may feel threatened by homosexuals, and address the issues as to why this symbolic threat may come about, such as perceiving that your ingroups moral values and religious beliefs are different from the outgroups. I would increase perceptions of similarity between hetersexuals and homosexuals by highlighting examples of gay individuals who are good role models, religious, and so on, to show that they are not so different from straight people. One issue we must think about when introducing such curriculum into the school setting is whether parents will approve. I would propose sending letters home to parents detailing the intentions behind the sexual orientation awareness class and highlighting the need to reduce bullying within the school. However, I would ensure that children could withdraw from the class if they strongly wish to do so; as some of the pupils families or religious/cultural communities may be homophobic and may disapprove of their participation, and we would not want the pupils to suffer negatively from attending this class, for example, to become ostracised from their community. Therefore we would strongly encourage students to take part, but would not force it upon them. However, the teacher who pioneered the gay awareness class in the Stoke Newington School in London, Elly Barnes, stated that she has only ever received a few complaints A parent complained after her son told her he had seen a film at th e school that showed two men kissing. I told her we are an inclusive school and it is part of the curriculum(Learner, 2010). In conclusion, I propose that a school-based intervention is essential to reduce sexual orientation prejudice and homophobic bullying amongst teens in schools. I would hope that a curriculum which promotes diversity, understanding, acceptance and equality will go a long way in reducing homophobic bullying and equally, I am optimistic that the introduction of an anti-discrimination policy which all students and teachers must follow will help protect the students. Resources Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books Bart, M. (1998). Creating a safer school for gay students. Counseling Today. Chase, A. (2001). Violent Reaction; What do Teen Killers have in Common? In these Times. Crisp Turner (2009). Can Imagined Interactions Produce Positive Perceptions? Reducing Prejudice Through Simulated Social Contact. American Psychologist, Vol 64, Issue 4, pg.231-240. Herek, G. M. (1987) The instrumentality of attitudes: Toward a neofunctional theory. Journal of Social Issues, 42, 99-114. Herek, G. M., Glunt, E. K. (1993). Interpersonal contact and heterosexuals attitudes toward gay men: Results from a national survey. Journal of Sex Research, 30, 239-244. Hudson, W.W. Ricketts, W.A. (1980). A strategy for the measurement of homophobia. Journal of homosexuality, 5, 357-372. Learner, S. Making homophobia history. In The Guardian, p5 of the EducationGuardian section, October 26th 2010 issue. Price, J. H. (1982). High school students attitudes toward homosexuality. Journal of School Health 52: 469-474. Schiappa, E., Gregg, P., Hewes, D. (2005) The Parasocial Contact Hypothesis. Communication Monographs, 72, 92-115 The School Report The experiences of young gay people in Britains schools. (2007) Stonewall. Under attack (2010) The Intelligence Report, Southern Poverty Law centre, Issue 40. Valentine, G. Wood, N. (2010) The experiences of lesbian, gay and bisexual staff and students in higher education. Equality and Human rights commission, research summary 39.

From Stars and Stripes to Rising Sun: A Study of Patent Laws in the United States and Japan :: Patent Laws Japan USA Essays

From Stars and Stripes to Rising Sun: A Study of Patent Laws in the United States and Japan Introduction There is no question that the United States and Japan are technological leaders of the world. They are two of the nations with the highest annual number of intellectual property patents granted.1 Both nations have achieved such great successes in the world of intellectual property as a result of a variety of reasons. Among these reasons is the encouragement of innovation and invention with monetary benefits in return. Both the United States and Japan have well-defined, stringent patent laws for intellectual property. These laws encourage competition among organizations and individual inventors to create new innovations, rather than to redundantly develop products that have already been invented by others. While some critics argue that such laws are unfair and cause monopolies in societies that enforce them, this paper will address how intellectual property laws actually benefit societies and how their enforcement is necessary for societies to adhere to a strong ethical code. In order to understand intellectual property laws, it is first important to have an understanding of the term â€Å"intellectual property.† As defined by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), intellectual property â€Å"refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, and images used in commerce†.2 Software is an example of intellectual property. When you buy software, you buy the tangible disk that the program comes on, but the disk is not what is of value in your purchase. You also buy the rights to use the program contained on the disk, and that software is the intellectual property that you pay for. In most Western nations, an invention of intellectual property is patentable. Patents are granted in order to protect the rights of the inventor for some period of time after the initial release of the invention. The justifications for enforcing patent laws include the advancement of technology, the increase in economic growth, and the improvement of the quality of life.3 These are compelling reasons for nations to have clearly defined patent laws on intellectual property, and they are some of the reasons that the United States and Japan have similar patent laws. In addition to patent laws within individual nations, WIPO is an international organization that oversees international patents. Individual nations can voluntarily join WIPO, whose current membership is 179 nations.

A Comparative Study of Date Leaves as Mulch for Tomato Plants Essay

Science Investigatory projects Dried Papaya Leaves as Organic Mulch for Tomato Plants Mulching in agricultural provides a safe yet equally profitable method of enriching and fertilizing the soil planted with crops. Most often-used mulches are of organic composition, such as dry leaves and barks. Unlike synthetic fertilizers and herbicides, these organic mulches pose no or little damage to the soil and crops. Usually defined as the use of organic and biodegradable materials to give plants the nutrients they need, organic farming proved to be the safest and most effective method of increasing and sustaining yield. Various methods fall under organic farming, such as composting, green manuring, legume inoculating, and utilizing animal manure as fertilizers. Mulching is a simple process that increases soil fertility and regulating several factors affecting overall plant growth. In this method, a layer of material-the mulch-is placed on soil surface around the plant. The mulch is used to retard the growth of weeds, protect roots and stems from sudden or extreme temperature changes, reduce soil erosion by wind and water, retard runoff of rainfall, prevent soil puddling by breaking the impact of raindrops, and keep flowers and fruits from being spattered with mud during rainstorms Used Cooking Oil as an Additive Component of Candle The study aims to produce a low-priced, high-quality candle by using used cooking oil as a major component. The following candle compositions were used: 100 percent paraffin wax; 90 percent paraffin and 10 percent oil; 80 percent paraffin and 20 percent oil; 70 percent paraffin and 30 percent oil; 60 percent paraffin and 40 percent oil; 50 percent paraffin and 50 percent oil. The firmness, texture, and light intensity of the candles were tested and compared. Today, candles are made not only for lighting purposes but for many other uses such as home dà ©cor, novelty collections, as fixtures for big occasions (weddings, baptismals, etc.), and as scented varieties for aromatherapy. Candles are made from different types of waxes and oils. Cooking oil is a major kitchen item in Filipino households. It is also used substantially in fast-food outlets, where it is used in different stages of food preparations. Ordinarily, used cooking oil is discarded. This waste oil pollutes and clogs canals and sewerage systems.

Body Atlas Essay

Last meeting, we watched a film called body atlas. The film was about human body, bones, heart, blood, skin, reproductive system, and etc. It gives us a basic understanding of the parts and function of different systems in the human body. For example, the heart, it keeps our body alive because it pumps blood all around our body that contains oxygen. Heart has the main role of blood circulation in the body. Another important part of the body is the blood. It carries substances like nutrients such as amino acids and oxygen to the other parts of the body. It also contains white blood cells which are vital for the body’s immune system. From the film, one that strikes me the most was the reproductive system and how babies are made. We’ve all know the basic idea on how to make babies – man meets woman, they both get naked and have sex, and nine months later, a baby pop out. But from the film we’ve watched, it shows the step by step process on how the egg cell an d sperm cell meet and how is the baby created inside the body. When a man ejaculates, despite the millions of sperms cell produced and released , only one can fertilized an egg. If an egg cell meets up with a healthy sperm on its way to the uterus, the two can join and begin the process of creating a new life. The first 12 weeks of pregnancy, known as the first trimester, abound with changes and growth in the unborn baby. It takes up to two weeks for the process to be completed for you to become pregnant. In the 3rd week, sperm and egg come together to create a zygote. In the fifth week, though the unborn baby is less than 1/4-inch long, her brain, heart, spinal cord and other vital organs begin to form. The baby’s circulatory system also begins the first stages of development. Sixth and seventh week, Some of the baby’s basic facial features are now visible during the sixth and seventh weeks, and his heart begins pumping blood. Eight week, with legs and arms growing longer and fingers beginning to develop, also develops an upper lip and nose, and the nipples and eyes are visible. Ninth and tenth week, Bones begin to form in your baby’s arms, which now bend at the elbows. The baby’s toes also start developing, and his eyelids and ears continue to be formed. At the 10th week, your baby’s  head gets rounder, the neck begins to develop and the eyelids close to guard the eyes. At the 11th week, the baby ends the embryonic period and enters the fetus stage. The fetus begins to develop external genitalia. In the final week of the first trimester, the baby grows fingernails. After that, a new life begins.

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buy custom Education in UAE essay Education in United Arab Emirates can be associated with the development of the federation which saw the introduction of several universities in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates and Al Ain. The establishment of the federation resulted in the government taking in measures that included devoting some of the national resources to education (Gaad, 2010). On the other hand, the rate of illiteracy in the kingdom remain an all time high, an indication that more need to be done to educate the growing generation to adopt the changing conditions and levels of literacy. Statistics indicate that the rate of illiteracy is 91%. Analysis of Education in the UAE The education system comprises of the Kindergarten which the age levels range from four to five years. The second stage of learning is the primary level where age limit range is between six and twelve years. The third stage of learning is the Preparatory level with age level from twelve to fifteen years. The secondary stage which takes three years in length comprises of between fifteen to eighteen years. Technical Secondary School age range level is between twelve and eighteen years, with a maximum length of six years of learning. .According to the Embassy of United Arab Emirates in Washington DC, education has remained a top priority in UAE (Embassy of UAE, 2010). The government has put in measures to ensure that both male and female receive the necessary education so as to limit the increasing rate of illiteracy. Towards this end, new initiatives have been launched in order to respond to the increasing levels of illiteracy. Some of these programs have reulted in the government tran sforming the K program to 12 programs. For instance, the measure is a reflective orientation that prepares the students in UAE with the required skills to join public universities. It is worth noting that UAE has enlisted the support of foreign universities with an aim of creating effective programs and as a result, attracting several students from the Asian continent who are interested in this mode of education (UAE Interact, 2011). Education in the UAE is divided into basic education, development program as well as higher education which are all characterized with activities towards delivering quality education for the students. The K-12 programs are a relatively new system in the United Arab Emirates. The school building programs that existed in the early 1960s and 1970s were geared towards expanding the educational system in the country. These reforms are focused on ensuring that the students are well prepared as well as being envisioned in improved professionalism, higher standards and greater accountability. The programs are also seen as introducing a new form of education that includes a more interactive form of learning which has seen math and science subjects being integrated with English language. The education reforms in the country rest on the Ministry of Education, the Dubai Education and the Abu Dhabi Education Council. For instance, English language skills of the elementary-level students at four model schools is being developed by Zayed University who were requested to do so by ADEC (Oxford Business Group, 2009). On the other hand, Dubai Education Council perfects the global standards by focuss ing on international accreditatiion as well as comprehensive quality assurance programs. Reform activities in education are also monitored by the Ministry of Education. There are several public and private universities in UAE that offers higher education. Government institutions offer higher education without charges; a factor that makes UAE recorded the highest participation rate in the world. The common and most popular higher learning institutions in the UAE include UAE University, Zayed University and Higher Colleges of Technology (HCT). There are also private institutions like the American Universities of Sharjah and Dubai which is institutions linked to the United States. Others include Sharjah and Al Hosn Universities. Students with special needs are supported by the government through special education. This is reflected in the signing of the optional Protocol to the UN convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Federal Law (UAE Interact, 2011). Education, training and applied technology is provided by Higher Colleges of Technologies which provide technical education. It is worth mentioning that public education as well remain s free for both male and female citizens through to the university levels. The paper has looked at the situation of education in UAE and how the government is putting in measures to reduce the increasing levels of illiteracy. The measures include ensuring that public education remains free for all, an indication of its commitment towards making the nation an educated state. UAE also has various learning institutions that are private and which join the government institutions in offering learning innovations. Buy custom Education in UAE essay