Family Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Family Problems - Essay Example Adrian and Brenda meet the age threshold of sixteen years and above and their marriage would, therefore, be deemed legal if the group leader of the ‘People of Jesus’ leader was deemed authorized to conduct the religious marriage ceremony and the garage was a registered religious building. Having met all the criteria for a valid marriage, a question arises as to the financial responsibility and child maintenance in case of a divorce. Soon after the birth of the twins implying about nine months, the relationship between Brenda and Adrian has broken down and now she is seeking a divorce from him. Brenda should have in mind that the petition for divorce can only be lodged after the lapse of one year and the relationship has permanently broken down and the marriage must have been recognized in the United Kingdom in the first place. She can do that through filing a petition for divorce with reasons for the divorce, apply for a decree nisi if Adrian agrees to the petition or ap ply for a decree absolute which will legally end the marriage.

How do people personality changes in places and how it's related to Essay

How do people personality changes in places and how it's related to movement - Essay Example The police officer is seen as a person who ensures the highway traffic situation is under control. The police officer stops robberies and resolves accidents. How the people’s personality change in places in relation to movement. Further, Aaron Taylor (2012,) reiterates that The Red Shoes film shows personality changes are included in movement changes within each of the fantasy film activity. For example, the company creates movie scenes that focus the camera on the main characters, just like in the film, The Red Shoes. Further, the film makers placed the cameras nearer the actors in order to make the audience focus on what the actor does during the entire movie part. With the cameras focusing most of the screen shots on the main actors, the audience will also focus on what the main actor or actress does or does not does not do. The new film making trend reiterates the importance of distance in making each film shot. The new emphasis is to create a maximum 9 feet close distance between the characters and the film cameras. The close distance will ensure that the cameras capture the important personality changes contributing to the effective movement change. With the closer camera shots, the actors’ and actresses’ acts are recorded. Further, James Naremore (1990) theorized that intimate acting generates a great potential of transforming a mere film scene to masterpiece film output. The film directors must ensure that the actors perform their part of the script with precision. The film directors make the camera shots timed to take the required movie parts. The directors institute the shooting script to coincide with the actors’ and actresses’ musical, word, and action scripts. In fact, the there must be a chronological order of camera shots that are time to complete the mental image of the film characters. For example, a close up scene of two persons in silent tight embrace, dancing the ballet parts, persuades the audience to thin k that the two dancers are in love with each other. Further, James Naremore (1990) insists that the careful shading of the film camera’s outputs poses a great potential for the right mix of the film taking of the actors’ and actresses’ facial expressions. Everyone can bring out a sense of organic vision to the filming of the movie stories. Naremore insists that the â€Å"filming of the characters’ movements should be on the same professional level as the setting up of the sequence of film shots. The film shots include zooming in, zooming out, panning, scanning, and making still shots. Additionally, the New York Magazine (1987) the film characters can enhance the changing their personalities by including adjustments to their physical appearance. For example, a change from a finely combed hair to an uncombed hair enhances the character change from the individuals’ depicting of a prior happy character to a new angry film character. Further, a change of the characters’ uniform from a finely pressed one to tattered uniform enhances the characters’ personality change from one who is â€Å"in order† to one who is â€Å"in complete disarray†. Personality changes in relation to gravity. Hattonn reiterated that â€Å"

Sexual orientation prejudice and homophobic bullying

Sexual orientation prejudice and homophobic bullying In todays society, many homosexual individuals are dealing with harassment, threats, and violence on a daily basis. Homosexuals are far more likely to be victims of a violent hate crime than any other minority group in the United States, according to a new analysis of federal hate crime statistics (Southern Poverty Law Center, 2010). Research shows that almost two thirds of lesbian, gay and bisexual teens experience homophobic bullying in British schools (Equality and Human rights commission, 2007). Similarly, many homosexual teens in U.S. schools are often subjected to such intense bullying that they are unable to receive a satisfactory level of education (Chase, 2001), with 28% of gay students dropping out altogether (Bart, 1998). Homophobic bullying is currently an issue of epidemic proportions in society today, so much so that both the British Prime Minister David Cameron, the U.S. President Barack Obama, and many more politicians, activists and celebrities have recorded personal messages for the It gets better campaign, a project set up in September 2010 to inspire hope for gay youth facing harassment. This campaign came about as a response to the recent string of suicides among young homosexuals in the U.S. I feel that the design of an intervention to tackle the problem of sexual orientation prejudice and homophobic bullying is of the upmost importance to society, as the benefits to society from reducing homophobic bullying would far outweigh the costs of funding this intervention in schools. The harm from bullying and the toll it takes not only on young homosexual teens but also to society at large is far greater than people realize. I feel it is less likely that a youngster will succeed in life and have the ability to fully contribute to society without an adequate level of education. Statistics show that anti-gay bullying truncates a childs academic ability to excel for example, 7 out of 10 pupils who experience homophobic bullying state this has an impact on their school work and also their attendance (Stonewall, 2007). And the cost, while initially about the child, is a greater cost to us as a society in the long run. However, perhaps the most significant cause of concern to society is the grave issue of suicides committed by gay teens. In September 2010 alone, 5 young people, victims of homophobic bullying, committed suicide. One of these victims, 18-year-old Tyler Clementi, jumped off the George Washington Bridge in New York City after discovering classmates has posted videos of his sexual encounters on the internet. Another, thirteen-year-old Asher Brown, shot himself after severe harassment by fellow classmates. I feel that this snowball effect of teen suicides in the U.S. highlights the damaging effect of homophobic bullying to society, and I am proposing an intervention to prevent such occurrences from escalating. Aims The aim of this intervention is to reduce the incidences of homophobic bullying behaviour in the mainstream school setting by changing attitudes towards homophobic bullying. In order to do this I would suggest educating pupils on issues around sexual orientation and also on the severe negative consequences of bullying. I would introduce weekly classes in the curriculum designed to focus on these particular issues for example, it could be taught in pastoral care classes, not only with the aim of educating the children and reducing the bullying, but also empowering pupils to report bullying. One recent study which has had major success with the introduction of a gay awareness class was Stoke Newington School in London. In one lesson, pupils were taught about significant gay historical figures who positively contributed to society, such as authors and playwrights James Baldwin and Oscar Wilde, artist Andy Warhol, and mathematician, computer science pioneer and war time code breaker Ala n Turing. Elly Barnes, the teacher who runs the class in Stoke Newington School, stated that, four years on from when she initiated the scheme, homophobic bullying has been more or less eradicated in the school (Learner, 2010). I feel that this case is a positive and pioneering exemplar from which many schools could learn. Design As I feel a one-time lecture on homophobic bullying would have little impact on levels of bullying in the long-term, I am proposing a weekly class to be run in schools with the agenda of educating pupils on issues around sexual orientation and also on the severe negative consequences of bullying. I would introduce weekly classes in the curriculum designed to focus on these particular issues for example, it could be taught in pastoral care classes, not only with the aim of educating the children and reducing the bullying, but also empowering pupils to report bullying. I am proposing that the intervention take place at the school setting, as bullying so often stems from within the school environment, and the aim is to eradicate this at the grass roots. Methods Before starting the intervention I would measure the pupils attitudes towards homosexuality using an affective questionnaire and a cognitive questionnaire the Index of Homophobia (Hudson and Ricketts, 1980) and the Modified attitudes towards sexuality scale (Price, 1982), respectively. I would then ask students to fill out these questionnaires again at the end of the school year so as to measure whether attitudes have been improved following the intervention. I would use a direct approach to reduce the sexual orientation prejudice by including a weekly pastoral care class into the schools curriculum in which educators would promote diversity in multicultural societies, group equality, and teach pupils about the history of the Gay Rights Movement. I would also aim to get the pupils involved by having group discussions and role-plays to increase empathy for outgroups, and by bringing in gay guest speakers in order to improve understanding and attitudes, and to correct some misguided stereotypes and faulty generalisations that heterosexual pupils may hold against their homosexual classmates. I would also hope that having the chance to meet a positive role model from the gay community who does not conform to the negative stereotypes would create dissonance-induced attitude change. I would attempt to change the social norms of the school environment, by introducing a zero tolerance policy in the school, which states that no-one shall be discri minated against for their religion, race, disability, or sexual orientation, and educate the teachers so that they also must follow this policy. Also, I would set aside a class to talk about the issue of derogatory phrases and how they could make gay students feel, as a recent study showed that 97% of gay pupils hear offensive phrases such as dyke, bender or poof used in school and 98% of gay pupils hear the phrases thats so gay when people are referring to something they feel is rubbish or stupid (Stonewall, 2007). The intention would be to create perspective-taking (i.e. How would you feel if you were gay and heard those derogatory phrases?) and instil empathy for the outgroup. One theoretical framework which supports this is the Intergroup Contact Theory (Allport, 1954). Allport proposed that intergroup contact between two groups should reduce prejudice as long as the following were present: common group goals, equal status, intergroup co-operation and support of authorities. Therefore in the intervention, I would set tasks which both groups would have to work on to achieve a superordinate goal, I would structure the task so as the groups must rely upon each other in order to achieve this superordinate goal, and I would make sure that equality of all sexual orientations is promoted. The school itself and its educators would constitute as the authority which supports both groups. I feel that this would work in either a real situation (whereby gay individuals have disclosed their sexuality to their classmates and feel confident to be categorized as homosexual) or in an imagined situation (for example, a role-play, as many pupils who are gay may not wish to d isclose this information, nor would we force them to do so). I believe that the latter may well occur as in order to avoid social stigma many gay young people hide their sexuality. Therefore, in this instance I would use the theoretical framework of Imagined Intergroup Contact (Crisp Turner, 2009). This theory suggests that simply getting participants to conjure up a mental simulation of a positive intergroup encounter leads to improved attitudes towards the outgroup. I would also use indirect approaches to reduce prejudice by educating pupils on moral reasoning, promote egalitarianism within the school setting, and promote respect, understanding and tolerance of others no matter what their background is. I would also incorporate modern media into the school environment, such as using examples from music, film and TV programs to teach pupils about other cultures and groups. This is supported by the Parasocial contact hypothesis theory (Schiappa, Gregg and Hewes, 2005), which states that the illusion of face-to-face contact with interaction can change prejudices, as people process mass media relationships in the same way as they process real-life interpersonal interactions. Schiappa, Gregg and Hewes (2005) found that parasocial contact reduced prejudice toward the outgroup. Although the intergroup contact theory can be used for many groups such as opposing ethnic minority groups, opposing religious groups, opposing sports teams and so on, research has shown that the theory has been particularly successful in reducing prejudice toward homosexuals. Applying the intergroup contact theory to sexual orientation groups, Herek (1987) found that heterosexuals who had experience of pleasant interactions with a homosexual tend to accept the homosexual community in general. It was also shown that increased contact with a homosexual was a better predictor of changed attitudes than any other factor, including gender, race, socioeconomic background and so on (Herek and Glunt, 1993). I would also create a classroom discussion about why certain individuals may feel threatened by homosexuals, and address the issues as to why this symbolic threat may come about, such as perceiving that your ingroups moral values and religious beliefs are different from the outgroups. I would increase perceptions of similarity between hetersexuals and homosexuals by highlighting examples of gay individuals who are good role models, religious, and so on, to show that they are not so different from straight people. One issue we must think about when introducing such curriculum into the school setting is whether parents will approve. I would propose sending letters home to parents detailing the intentions behind the sexual orientation awareness class and highlighting the need to reduce bullying within the school. However, I would ensure that children could withdraw from the class if they strongly wish to do so; as some of the pupils families or religious/cultural communities may be homophobic and may disapprove of their participation, and we would not want the pupils to suffer negatively from attending this class, for example, to become ostracised from their community. Therefore we would strongly encourage students to take part, but would not force it upon them. However, the teacher who pioneered the gay awareness class in the Stoke Newington School in London, Elly Barnes, stated that she has only ever received a few complaints A parent complained after her son told her he had seen a film at th e school that showed two men kissing. I told her we are an inclusive school and it is part of the curriculum(Learner, 2010). In conclusion, I propose that a school-based intervention is essential to reduce sexual orientation prejudice and homophobic bullying amongst teens in schools. I would hope that a curriculum which promotes diversity, understanding, acceptance and equality will go a long way in reducing homophobic bullying and equally, I am optimistic that the introduction of an anti-discrimination policy which all students and teachers must follow will help protect the students. Resources Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books Bart, M. (1998). Creating a safer school for gay students. Counseling Today. Chase, A. (2001). Violent Reaction; What do Teen Killers have in Common? In these Times. Crisp Turner (2009). Can Imagined Interactions Produce Positive Perceptions? Reducing Prejudice Through Simulated Social Contact. American Psychologist, Vol 64, Issue 4, pg.231-240. Herek, G. M. (1987) The instrumentality of attitudes: Toward a neofunctional theory. Journal of Social Issues, 42, 99-114. Herek, G. M., Glunt, E. K. (1993). Interpersonal contact and heterosexuals attitudes toward gay men: Results from a national survey. Journal of Sex Research, 30, 239-244. Hudson, W.W. Ricketts, W.A. (1980). A strategy for the measurement of homophobia. Journal of homosexuality, 5, 357-372. Learner, S. Making homophobia history. In The Guardian, p5 of the EducationGuardian section, October 26th 2010 issue. Price, J. H. (1982). High school students attitudes toward homosexuality. Journal of School Health 52: 469-474. Schiappa, E., Gregg, P., Hewes, D. (2005) The Parasocial Contact Hypothesis. Communication Monographs, 72, 92-115 The School Report The experiences of young gay people in Britains schools. (2007) Stonewall. Under attack (2010) The Intelligence Report, Southern Poverty Law centre, Issue 40. Valentine, G. Wood, N. (2010) The experiences of lesbian, gay and bisexual staff and students in higher education. Equality and Human rights commission, research summary 39.

From Stars and Stripes to Rising Sun: A Study of Patent Laws in the United States and Japan :: Patent Laws Japan USA Essays

From Stars and Stripes to Rising Sun: A Study of Patent Laws in the United States and Japan Introduction There is no question that the United States and Japan are technological leaders of the world. They are two of the nations with the highest annual number of intellectual property patents granted.1 Both nations have achieved such great successes in the world of intellectual property as a result of a variety of reasons. Among these reasons is the encouragement of innovation and invention with monetary benefits in return. Both the United States and Japan have well-defined, stringent patent laws for intellectual property. These laws encourage competition among organizations and individual inventors to create new innovations, rather than to redundantly develop products that have already been invented by others. While some critics argue that such laws are unfair and cause monopolies in societies that enforce them, this paper will address how intellectual property laws actually benefit societies and how their enforcement is necessary for societies to adhere to a strong ethical code. In order to understand intellectual property laws, it is first important to have an understanding of the term â€Å"intellectual property.† As defined by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), intellectual property â€Å"refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, and images used in commerce†.2 Software is an example of intellectual property. When you buy software, you buy the tangible disk that the program comes on, but the disk is not what is of value in your purchase. You also buy the rights to use the program contained on the disk, and that software is the intellectual property that you pay for. In most Western nations, an invention of intellectual property is patentable. Patents are granted in order to protect the rights of the inventor for some period of time after the initial release of the invention. The justifications for enforcing patent laws include the advancement of technology, the increase in economic growth, and the improvement of the quality of life.3 These are compelling reasons for nations to have clearly defined patent laws on intellectual property, and they are some of the reasons that the United States and Japan have similar patent laws. In addition to patent laws within individual nations, WIPO is an international organization that oversees international patents. Individual nations can voluntarily join WIPO, whose current membership is 179 nations.

A Comparative Study of Date Leaves as Mulch for Tomato Plants Essay

Science Investigatory projects Dried Papaya Leaves as Organic Mulch for Tomato Plants Mulching in agricultural provides a safe yet equally profitable method of enriching and fertilizing the soil planted with crops. Most often-used mulches are of organic composition, such as dry leaves and barks. Unlike synthetic fertilizers and herbicides, these organic mulches pose no or little damage to the soil and crops. Usually defined as the use of organic and biodegradable materials to give plants the nutrients they need, organic farming proved to be the safest and most effective method of increasing and sustaining yield. Various methods fall under organic farming, such as composting, green manuring, legume inoculating, and utilizing animal manure as fertilizers. Mulching is a simple process that increases soil fertility and regulating several factors affecting overall plant growth. In this method, a layer of material-the mulch-is placed on soil surface around the plant. The mulch is used to retard the growth of weeds, protect roots and stems from sudden or extreme temperature changes, reduce soil erosion by wind and water, retard runoff of rainfall, prevent soil puddling by breaking the impact of raindrops, and keep flowers and fruits from being spattered with mud during rainstorms Used Cooking Oil as an Additive Component of Candle The study aims to produce a low-priced, high-quality candle by using used cooking oil as a major component. The following candle compositions were used: 100 percent paraffin wax; 90 percent paraffin and 10 percent oil; 80 percent paraffin and 20 percent oil; 70 percent paraffin and 30 percent oil; 60 percent paraffin and 40 percent oil; 50 percent paraffin and 50 percent oil. The firmness, texture, and light intensity of the candles were tested and compared. Today, candles are made not only for lighting purposes but for many other uses such as home dà ©cor, novelty collections, as fixtures for big occasions (weddings, baptismals, etc.), and as scented varieties for aromatherapy. Candles are made from different types of waxes and oils. Cooking oil is a major kitchen item in Filipino households. It is also used substantially in fast-food outlets, where it is used in different stages of food preparations. Ordinarily, used cooking oil is discarded. This waste oil pollutes and clogs canals and sewerage systems.

Body Atlas Essay

Last meeting, we watched a film called body atlas. The film was about human body, bones, heart, blood, skin, reproductive system, and etc. It gives us a basic understanding of the parts and function of different systems in the human body. For example, the heart, it keeps our body alive because it pumps blood all around our body that contains oxygen. Heart has the main role of blood circulation in the body. Another important part of the body is the blood. It carries substances like nutrients such as amino acids and oxygen to the other parts of the body. It also contains white blood cells which are vital for the body’s immune system. From the film, one that strikes me the most was the reproductive system and how babies are made. We’ve all know the basic idea on how to make babies – man meets woman, they both get naked and have sex, and nine months later, a baby pop out. But from the film we’ve watched, it shows the step by step process on how the egg cell an d sperm cell meet and how is the baby created inside the body. When a man ejaculates, despite the millions of sperms cell produced and released , only one can fertilized an egg. If an egg cell meets up with a healthy sperm on its way to the uterus, the two can join and begin the process of creating a new life. The first 12 weeks of pregnancy, known as the first trimester, abound with changes and growth in the unborn baby. It takes up to two weeks for the process to be completed for you to become pregnant. In the 3rd week, sperm and egg come together to create a zygote. In the fifth week, though the unborn baby is less than 1/4-inch long, her brain, heart, spinal cord and other vital organs begin to form. The baby’s circulatory system also begins the first stages of development. Sixth and seventh week, Some of the baby’s basic facial features are now visible during the sixth and seventh weeks, and his heart begins pumping blood. Eight week, with legs and arms growing longer and fingers beginning to develop, also develops an upper lip and nose, and the nipples and eyes are visible. Ninth and tenth week, Bones begin to form in your baby’s arms, which now bend at the elbows. The baby’s toes also start developing, and his eyelids and ears continue to be formed. At the 10th week, your baby’s  head gets rounder, the neck begins to develop and the eyelids close to guard the eyes. At the 11th week, the baby ends the embryonic period and enters the fetus stage. The fetus begins to develop external genitalia. In the final week of the first trimester, the baby grows fingernails. After that, a new life begins.

buy custom Education in UAE essay

buy custom Education in UAE essay Education in United Arab Emirates can be associated with the development of the federation which saw the introduction of several universities in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates and Al Ain. The establishment of the federation resulted in the government taking in measures that included devoting some of the national resources to education (Gaad, 2010). On the other hand, the rate of illiteracy in the kingdom remain an all time high, an indication that more need to be done to educate the growing generation to adopt the changing conditions and levels of literacy. Statistics indicate that the rate of illiteracy is 91%. Analysis of Education in the UAE The education system comprises of the Kindergarten which the age levels range from four to five years. The second stage of learning is the primary level where age limit range is between six and twelve years. The third stage of learning is the Preparatory level with age level from twelve to fifteen years. The secondary stage which takes three years in length comprises of between fifteen to eighteen years. Technical Secondary School age range level is between twelve and eighteen years, with a maximum length of six years of learning. .According to the Embassy of United Arab Emirates in Washington DC, education has remained a top priority in UAE (Embassy of UAE, 2010). The government has put in measures to ensure that both male and female receive the necessary education so as to limit the increasing rate of illiteracy. Towards this end, new initiatives have been launched in order to respond to the increasing levels of illiteracy. Some of these programs have reulted in the government tran sforming the K program to 12 programs. For instance, the measure is a reflective orientation that prepares the students in UAE with the required skills to join public universities. It is worth noting that UAE has enlisted the support of foreign universities with an aim of creating effective programs and as a result, attracting several students from the Asian continent who are interested in this mode of education (UAE Interact, 2011). Education in the UAE is divided into basic education, development program as well as higher education which are all characterized with activities towards delivering quality education for the students. The K-12 programs are a relatively new system in the United Arab Emirates. The school building programs that existed in the early 1960s and 1970s were geared towards expanding the educational system in the country. These reforms are focused on ensuring that the students are well prepared as well as being envisioned in improved professionalism, higher standards and greater accountability. The programs are also seen as introducing a new form of education that includes a more interactive form of learning which has seen math and science subjects being integrated with English language. The education reforms in the country rest on the Ministry of Education, the Dubai Education and the Abu Dhabi Education Council. For instance, English language skills of the elementary-level students at four model schools is being developed by Zayed University who were requested to do so by ADEC (Oxford Business Group, 2009). On the other hand, Dubai Education Council perfects the global standards by focuss ing on international accreditatiion as well as comprehensive quality assurance programs. Reform activities in education are also monitored by the Ministry of Education. There are several public and private universities in UAE that offers higher education. Government institutions offer higher education without charges; a factor that makes UAE recorded the highest participation rate in the world. The common and most popular higher learning institutions in the UAE include UAE University, Zayed University and Higher Colleges of Technology (HCT). There are also private institutions like the American Universities of Sharjah and Dubai which is institutions linked to the United States. Others include Sharjah and Al Hosn Universities. Students with special needs are supported by the government through special education. This is reflected in the signing of the optional Protocol to the UN convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Federal Law (UAE Interact, 2011). Education, training and applied technology is provided by Higher Colleges of Technologies which provide technical education. It is worth mentioning that public education as well remain s free for both male and female citizens through to the university levels. The paper has looked at the situation of education in UAE and how the government is putting in measures to reduce the increasing levels of illiteracy. The measures include ensuring that public education remains free for all, an indication of its commitment towards making the nation an educated state. UAE also has various learning institutions that are private and which join the government institutions in offering learning innovations. Buy custom Education in UAE essay

Contract Negotiations Essay Example

Contract Negotiations Essay Example Contract Negotiations Essay Contract Negotiations Essay Contract Negotiations Cathy Piersall OMM618: Human Resources Management Instructor: Fabio Moro March 14, 2013 The producers said the WGA was not bargaining in good faith. What did they mean by that, and do you think the evidence is sufficient to support the claim? Firstly, everyone understand what Good Faith bargaining stands for: Good-faith bargaining generally refers to the duty of the parties to meet and negotiate at reasonable times with willingness to reach agreement on matters within the scope of representation; however, neither party is required to make a concession or agree to any proposal (USlegal. om, 2001-2013). Good faith bargaining requires employers and unions involved in collective bargaining to: 1. ) use their best endeavors to agree to an effective bargaining process; 2. ) meet and consider and respond to proposals made by each other; 3. ) respect the role of the others representative by not seeking to bargain directly with those for whom the representative acts 4. ) not do anything to undermine the bargaining process or the authority of the others representative (USlegal. com, 2001-2013). It is dishonest labor practice for any union to reject to bargain in good faith with the employer concerning wages, hours, and other employment conditions (Dessler, 2011). Dessler (2011) states, that in† October 2007, the Writers Guild asked its members for strike approval, and the producers were maintaining that the guild was just trying to delay negotiations until the current contract expired at the end of October†. Both the Writers Guild and the producers knew that timing for these negotiations is crucial. Television series are in full production during the fall and spring. If the writers were to go on strike now would have a bigger impact than they would have if they waited until the end of October. The proof the producers had at that time was the WGA negotiating committee stayed less than an hour at the bargaining table before leaving (Dessler, 2011). The WGA did eventually strike. What tactics could the producers have used to fight back once the strike began? What tactics do you think the WGA used? Some of the tactics the producers could have used in fight back once the strike began are: 1. ) agree to stand firm to specific terms while giving some lead way on others; 2) continued to promote for new media. WGAs tactics consisted of delaying until their contracts to run out and declined to write anything until an agreement had been reached. This was a conflict between professional and creative people (the WGA) and TV and movie producers. Do you think the conflict was therefore different in any way than are the conflicts between, say, the auto workers or Teamsters unions against auto and trucking companies? Why? I believe that this conflict could be thought of as talent versus business. On the other hand, WGA writers felt that their work was a form of art and they felt that it should be treated like art should be paid for sharing their art. On the other hand, some of the producers may not see the work of the writers as art but see it as work nothing special. Some people do not consider the passions and commitments that writers put into their work. The producers claimed they wanted a profit-splitting system instead of the current residual system (Dressler, 2011, p. 288). I believe the conflict could have been solved much earlier if the two sides could have come to an answer on the residual system. What role (with examples, please) did negotiating skills seem to play in the WGA-producers’ negotiations? In February 2008, the WGA and producers at last came to an agreement. The new contract was â€Å"the direct result of renewed negotiations between the two sides, which culminated Friday with a marathon session including top WGA officials and the heads of the Walt Disney Co. and News Corp† (Dessler, 2011, pg 288). References: USlegal. com, (2001-2013). â€Å"Legal Terms, Definitions and Dictionary†. Retrieved March 12, 2013 from website http://definitions. uslegal. com/g/good-faith-bargaining/ Dessler, G. (2011). â€Å"A Framework for Human Resource Management† (6th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Microsoft Word Tips Adding Chapter Headers - Proofed

Microsoft Word Tips Adding Chapter Headers - Proofed Microsoft Word Tips: Adding Chapter Headers Breaking up a longer document, such as a dissertation or manuscript, into chapters will make it much easier to read. And if you do this, adding chapter headers will help your reader navigate the document quickly and easily. But how does this work in Microsoft Word? Let us explain. Chapter Headers in Microsoft Word Adding chapter headers to a Microsoft Word document requires three things: Using a Heading style for your chapter headings Adding section breaks between chapters Generating the chapter headers This might seem complex, but each step is simple. Read on to find out more. Step One: Applying Heading Styles The Heading styles in Word are used for headings and subheadings. Chapter titles are the main headings in a document, so they would usually be formatted with Heading 1. Whichever style you use, though, to prepare for applying chapter headers you should: Select a style and customize it as required Go through your work applying the chosen style to all chapter headings Heading styles. Make sure to only use this style for chapter titles (you can use the other Heading styles for subheadings within chapters). This will let Microsoft Word tell the chapter titles apart from other text. Step Two: Adding Section Breaks Next, we need to add section breaks between chapters. Usually, you will want each chapter to start on a new page. You can do this throughout your document as follows: Find the first chapter title Place the cursor before the heading Go to Layout Page Setup on the main ribbon Click Breaks and select Next Page from the dropdown menu Repeat for each chapter in the document Adding a section break. Doing this will tell Microsoft Word where each chapter starts and ends. Step Three: Creating Chapter Headers All we need to do now is tell Microsoft Word what goes in each header. To do this, we first need to make sure that the headers in each section are separated from one another. To do this: Go to the first chapter in your document Open the header by going to Insert Header Footer Header Edit Header on the ribbon With the header selected, go to Design Navigation Deselect Link to Previous Repeat for each section of the document Unlinking sections. And finally, to create the chapter headers themselves, all you need to do is: Open the header in the first chapter Go to References Captions Cross-reference Select Heading from the menu as your reference type Pick the relevant chapter title and click Insert Repeat for each chapter of your document Adding chapter headers. This will insert the text formatted with the selected Heading style at the top of each page in each section. You can also apply the same header throughout multiple sections by leaving the Link to Previous option selected for each section after the first. If you later update your chapter titles, don’t forget to update your chapter headers! Getting your work proofread is a great way of making sure you don’t miss issues like this, so get in touch today.

Action Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Action Planning - Assignment Example However, there is a specific mechanism of approaching each action to reach the desired goals. The inclusion of actions will interfere with customer service, retention and acquisition. However, it is advisable for human resource managers to establish a social network with more colleges to discuss on similar ideas and generate remedies that do not drag the success of an entity. The process of action planning is very sensitive in the operation of an organisation where the human resource shall compare and contrast the effect of taking certain action as discussed in the goals realised in the study which are going to enhance our business growth below (Kumar 2011, p. 20). The process of enhancing, an action in an organisation to influence any goal of the entity the human resource will cater for several questions, for instance, what is the cost of expenditure. Do we have the right person to recruit? In addition, is it the right time to initiate the action? In the case of improving the staff body, it involves regulating g of the personnel working within a certain period in an entity that is mostly done through head count to ensure that the correct role is being done for the right cost. Critically, the human resource should come up with procedures of prospecting managers who fit the activities run by an entity and high quality interviews for the staff to get the right people. However, in the performance of these activities the human resource will be in a position to reach these goals. However, these actions cannot be enhanced and made by an individual, but it will need a mentor to provide advice to the HR office (Caruth, Caruth, and Pane 2009, p.30). The goal deserves attention in increasing the customers tally and calls for a distinct customer service that stands as the differentiating factor with other organisations trading on the same commodity.

Assumptions based on the influences of friends, family, and community Essay

Assumptions based on the influences of friends, family, and community - Essay Example In the tiny village of Lansquenet (in â€Å"Chocolat†) the villagers are appalled that Vianne has opened a chocolate shop and has disregard for the social expectations that Lent imposes. Rather than simply ignoring the chocolate shop and Vianne and Anouk and carrying on with their own beliefs, the town is outraged and ostracizes Vianne for not going along with their tradition of suffering and deprivation. The chocolate store is disturbing to them because they want to have fun too but don’t want to admit it. Their first reaction is to ostracize them and point to them as being bad. This makes them feel better about staying stuck. However it forces the villagers to question why they are suffering, what would actually happen if they broke tradition, where did these rules come from (not from inside) and what is life for but to enjoy, why carry the burden of the past. It takes a few stronger villagers to stand against tradition, after which the whole village feels safe to als o follow its desires. In Sula, society both dislikes and needs Bottom as a community. It needs a place to look down on, it needs people to point to and say they are bad, in order to make them feel good. They needed Sula in order to unite together over something. They could all unite in their values and point at her together to say she was bad. When she leaves, they lack a cause to unify them and it is because deep inside the people of the community are not truly fulfilled by the trappings of their own structure and tradition. However when Sula comes back they find their common mission again. The community’s stability and rigidity keep everyone stuck. In â€Å"Bet Me†, Min is very much influenced by her family upbringing. She is trapped, feeling as though she is only mediocre and that good-looking flashy people are selfish and would never give her the time of day except in passing and would soon get bored and unceremoniously abandon her. The story demonstrates how this is self-fulfilling too, in the recount of her first relationship which ends badly. Not surprisingly, when Min meets Cal, especially under the circumstances, she makes assumptions right from the beginning, and actually sets herself up for the same thing to happen again – she does not treat him right because she already believes he won’t treat her right. Had Cal not been tied into a bet, he would have not even persevered and would not have found out who Min really was. Min also would not have wasted her time on Cal but for her own need for a date to her sister’s wedding. These unusual circumstances where they were tied to each other by their own selfish needs, kept them together long enough to realize their perceptions of each other had been wrong and had been borne out of the in-bred perceptions offered by others. They start to like each other. Min learns to see beyond Cal’s good looks and finds a truly caring person. In â€Å"Sula†, the families of Nel and Sula are contrasted. Nel’s stable, rigid family of tradition and structure dictate to her what is right and wrong, and compel her to live the life of the straight and narrow. Sula has a very unconventional life with her mother and grandmother and several boarders, she is free from any conventions of society. Nel grows up in a trapped box of limits and Sula is

Discuss the different issues related to IT-enhanced firm performance Essay

Discuss the different issues related to IT-enhanced firm performance - Essay Example Technology can become the main source of sustainable competitive advantage and a strategic weapon especially in the hospitality industry (Buhalis & Main, 1998). Information plays a pivotal role in the description, promotion, distribution, amalgamation, organization and delivery of hospitality and tourism products (Main, 2002). Technology can offer advantages in the management of operations, in the delivery of services and also be useful as a strategic support system. It helps in forming strategic alliances, in developing strategic distribution methods, communicating with customers and partners, and satisfying consumer demand. Camisà ³n (2000) contends that there are two approaches to introducing IT into business – the first focuses on the introduction and management of IT and the second is the management of the systems that use IT. There is abundance of information available in any business and through IT business re-engineering is possible which can help to enhance the intra-organizational information systems. Markets have become turbulent which enhances the need for managers to be able to predict change. There is a need for information and information has become a strategic resource which can give a firm competitive advantage. Hence the role of IT has to be strategic so that it can back the management functions. The information systems should allow effective measurement and monitoring of the strategic factors. It has been found that firms that take up IT as an asset and dedicate specific resources to the information system have achieved their business goals. Hence information and technologies t hat optimize its management should become the main resource used by the administration. This also help to free up resources – mostly people – who can devote their time and attention to focus on other jobs that add value to business. To increase competitive

LEGAL ASPECTS OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LEGAL ASPECTS OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Modern players in the hospitality industry need to be aware that administering hotel includes the likelihood for the managers, supervisors and owners to be subject to several legal liabilities when it comes to handling the employees. Hence, the aim of this paper is to offer an open treatise that covers the relationship between the hotels and their employees, and based on common law contracts, tort claims, non-discrimination laws, casualness and antitrust laws. Discussion Most employee-relation laws in the hospitality industry are designed to restrict, control and even prohibit certain actions in which the firms could be willingly or unwillingly be non-complying with labor-related ethical plus social standards (Hayes & Ninemeier, 2009). In particular, the hospitality industry has become highly sensitive to both economic factors and competitive marketplace condition, such that the workplace conditions placed on the industry are significant due to the myriad labor risks and employment-r elated disputes (Barth, 2006). The laws range from recruitment standards, to workplace training requirements, remunerations, to environmental and health concerns. This entails a range of issues such as labor disputes, wage and hour compliance, obligation to immigration laws, labor-force authorization regulations as well as observance of nondiscrimination practices. In addition, there is the requirement for the employee’s welfare to be based on OSHA and environmental laws. Firstly, companies in the hospitality industry are now increasingly being held responsible for their employees out of worksite deeds. In particular, firms are now experiencing liability for accidents or injuries caused by their employees to third parties, with damages comprising loss of property, pain, physical and emotional suffering, legal fees, lost wages and medical expenses.. The hospitality firms are now required by law to avoid any unreasonable acts or roles by their employees that can present possibl e risks to third parties. This became apparent in the case of Faverty vs. McDonald, whereby a hospitality industry employee was involved in a serious road accident that injured another motorist. Hence, the court ruled that McDonald was liable to the damages since it forced the worker to operate so many hours nonstop even as they were aware that the employee drove himself home thus a serious risk not just to himself but also to other people and motorists (Barth, 2006). This case set a precedent for other lawsuits in the industry, and which reveals that hospitality companies are not just required to have reasonable policies regarding their employees working hours and wages, but also have a legal duty to enforce the offsite personnel wellbeing in order not to harm other persons wellbeing. As such, The Fair Credit Reporting Act calls for the management to have well-documented structures in which their employees will use to identify, report, and react to both real and probable hazards (B arth, 2006). They are also required to have handbooks and guidelines on safe practices, processes and controls which are particular to a given hazards, and that such guidelines attains or exceed the requirements stipulated under the Act. Moreover, the hospitality compa

Learning from the past Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Learning from the past - Essay Example Global warming seems to be one of the biggest threats to humanity in today’s world, because if we allow it to continue without taking any measures, the consequences can be catastrophic. Global Warming Global warming phenomenon has been around for a considerable period of time. Its history can be dated back to the 1880s. People in that period, had come to realize that burning fossil fuels such as coal, results in the emission of Carbon dioxide gas and other harmful gases, which can damage the earth’s atmosphere. The concept of greenhouse effect was initiated during that period; the greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide when released into the earth’s atmosphere aid in the depletion of the ozone layer which can increase the earth’s temperature, thus causing major climatic changes. During the early 1900s, increase in the temperature of the earth was even recorded by the scientists and considerable thought was given to this phenomenon that was global warming. (Richard Courtney) The swift industrialization that started in the 1800s contributed a lot to the warming of the planet. It was the first time that people had started to burn fossil fuels in such large quantity to produce energy, which led to the emission of various harmful gases and waste into the atmosphere, and damaged the ozone layer surrounding the earth. This was the one major drawback of industrialization, which although had changed the situation around the world. Rapid deforestation and burning of coal and gases has led to the fast reduction in non-renewable sources of energy, as well as contributed greatly to global warming. During the start of industrialization, many people did not really understand the amount of damage that was being done to the atmosphere, until the scientists actually started to carry out tests and investigations, which showed them they are indeed endangering the planet with their activities. The concept was derived that the people were beginning to pu sh the earth’s resources to the maximum limit. Trees were, and still are, being cut down at a rapid rate to produce energy, and so were coal and other fossil fuels. Nature had been patient for some time with the continuous damage being done to the environment, but for some time now it has started to show signs of impatience. This had to happen because constant meddling with the earth’s natural cycle had to have negative consequences, which have resulted in global warming. This is basically a rise in the temperature of the earth, leading to climatic changes such as melting of ice caps in the northern regions. This can result in massive floods, plus the colder regions will get colder, while warmer regions will get warmer. The balance has been disturbed and it will be really difficult to put it back. Average temperature readings of the earth, taken every once in a while, have showed that the temperature of the earth is spiking; though at a small rate, it is still dangerou s. (How it began?) Though global warming has been on the go since the 1800s, measures have been taken continuously to reduce it, without being so harsh on the world’s economy. In 1987, an act was passed by Montreal Protocol of the Vienna Convention, which banned the releasing of the harmful gases into the atmosphere, which can damage the earth’

MKTG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MKTG - Essay Example The first stage in the market study was interviewing potential consumers in the areas in China like Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou. In the first stage of study the aim was to understand the packaging and pricing elements of the product. In the process also 30 retailers were interviewed exclusively to understand the way to penetrate in to the Chinese markets and to understand the way to approach the right customers in an appropriate way. The second phase of the marketing study was the analysis of the extensive information or data collected from the customers and reviewing them. The main aim of this phase was to decide whether it is right for the company to enter the Chinese market to widen their market area. It is very essential for a company in a research process to look in to the nature of their targeted market, the customer buying behavior and product demand .Finally, results of the interview would allow the company to decide whether they should enter Chinese market or not to boo st up their sales. Please refer to this site to find the web page with information on marketing study. http://www.cmrconsulting.com.cn/services/casestudies/cosmeticscase.html

Learning from the past Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Learning from the past - Essay Example Global warming seems to be one of the biggest threats to humanity in today’s world, because if we allow it to continue without taking any measures, the consequences can be catastrophic. Global Warming Global warming phenomenon has been around for a considerable period of time. Its history can be dated back to the 1880s. People in that period, had come to realize that burning fossil fuels such as coal, results in the emission of Carbon dioxide gas and other harmful gases, which can damage the earth’s atmosphere. The concept of greenhouse effect was initiated during that period; the greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide when released into the earth’s atmosphere aid in the depletion of the ozone layer which can increase the earth’s temperature, thus causing major climatic changes. During the early 1900s, increase in the temperature of the earth was even recorded by the scientists and considerable thought was given to this phenomenon that was global warming. (Richard Courtney) The swift industrialization that started in the 1800s contributed a lot to the warming of the planet. It was the first time that people had started to burn fossil fuels in such large quantity to produce energy, which led to the emission of various harmful gases and waste into the atmosphere, and damaged the ozone layer surrounding the earth. This was the one major drawback of industrialization, which although had changed the situation around the world. Rapid deforestation and burning of coal and gases has led to the fast reduction in non-renewable sources of energy, as well as contributed greatly to global warming. During the start of industrialization, many people did not really understand the amount of damage that was being done to the atmosphere, until the scientists actually started to carry out tests and investigations, which showed them they are indeed endangering the planet with their activities. The concept was derived that the people were beginning to pu sh the earth’s resources to the maximum limit. Trees were, and still are, being cut down at a rapid rate to produce energy, and so were coal and other fossil fuels. Nature had been patient for some time with the continuous damage being done to the environment, but for some time now it has started to show signs of impatience. This had to happen because constant meddling with the earth’s natural cycle had to have negative consequences, which have resulted in global warming. This is basically a rise in the temperature of the earth, leading to climatic changes such as melting of ice caps in the northern regions. This can result in massive floods, plus the colder regions will get colder, while warmer regions will get warmer. The balance has been disturbed and it will be really difficult to put it back. Average temperature readings of the earth, taken every once in a while, have showed that the temperature of the earth is spiking; though at a small rate, it is still dangerou s. (How it began?) Though global warming has been on the go since the 1800s, measures have been taken continuously to reduce it, without being so harsh on the world’s economy. In 1987, an act was passed by Montreal Protocol of the Vienna Convention, which banned the releasing of the harmful gases into the atmosphere, which can damage the earth’

Enlightenment virtue Essay Example for Free

Enlightenment virtue Essay The advances in robotics have also been staggering. Todays robots, in addition to doing the menial tasks once performed by unskilled laborers, are considered vital contributing participants in such diverse environments as hospitals, factories, universities, offices, and banking institutions. The level of artificial intelligence attained is not quite at human levels, but is approaching those levels at an unprecedented pace. Machines already are in charge of making complicated decisions for the government and military; its only a matter of time before these types of robots are also helping direct the economy and aspects of private life. Despite fears that robotic technology would displace their human counterpart workers and cause massive unemployment, that has not yet been the case, with the employment rate actually increasing, albeit in areas that require highly skilled personnel. The mass-production of household robotic technology has made it possible for many consumers to purchase machines that take care of domestic tasks like preparing food and cleaning, allowing parents to have more leisure time, or to spend time with their children. In fact, the amount of newly available leisure time has been a dominant factor in the recent recreational activity and entertainment industry boom. (Last Name) 4 There is still a large measure of economic disparity between society in the post-industrial West verses the industrializing countries of Africa, Asia, and South America. While the AIDS virus was pronounced curable by doctors at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine two years ago, there are still people who are dying of the disease in the world simply because the medicine needed to cure people is being given to wealthy countries very disproportionately. Biotechnology has impacted both of our lives in a very significant way. The Human Genome Project, made it possible to unravel hereditary genetic disorders like Alzheimers and Huntingtons disease which have devastated families like ours for centuries. Despite your acquisition of Huntingtons at birth, scientists were able to identify the damaged genes in your DNA and correct them accordingly. Similarly, other diseases once thought incurable (e. g. AIDS, cancer) have been remedied by biotechnology and reputable scientists are seriously proposing that practical immortality could be possible. Progress in biotechnology has also come to help economically disadvantaged countries cultivate previously barren regions with genetically enhanced crops that thrive despite hostile conditions. War among nations still exists. Ian Buruma said that â€Å"Koran itself was the source violent abuse†. (p. 5) I agree with this statement. While it is undoubtedly true that Muslims like Bouyeri with their fundamentalist, misogynistic and murderous interpretation of religious text surely represent a threat to the Enlightenment virtues of freedom and reason, do public personas like Theo Van Gogh indeed represent a personification of those same Enlightenment virtues. This persistent refrain that echoes through the book forces the reader to question the illiberal and often intolerant practices of the Dutch Muslims amid whom Bouyeri was reared as well as the Dutch (Last Name) 5 who have managed to delude themselves into believing that hatred is somehow an Enlightenment virtue. Our global impact is finally receiving the scientific attention it deserves. The outcome will largely determine the future course of evolution. Human-modified ecosystems are shaped by our activities and their side effects. They share a common set of traits including simplified food webs, landscape homogenization, and high nutrient and energy inputs. Ecosystem simplification is the ecological hallmark of humanity and the reason for our evolutionary success. However, the side effects of our profligacy and poor resource practices are now so pervasive as to threaten our future no less than that of biological diversity itself. This looks at human impact on ecosystems and the consequences for evolution. It concludes that future evolution will be shaped by our awareness of the global threats, our willingness to take action, and our ability to do so. Our ability is presently hampered by several factors, including the poor state of ecosystem and planetary knowledge, ignorance of human impact, lack of guidelines for sustainability, and a paucity of good policies, practices, and incentives for adopting those guidelines in daily life. Conservation philosophy, science, and practice must be framed against the reality of human-dominated ecosystems, rather than the separation of humanity and nature underlying the modern conservation movement. The steps scientists can take to imbed science in conservation and conservation in the societal process affecting the future of ecosystems and human well-being are discussed. Assessing the implications for our own future is no simpler than it is for ecosystems. The future can be gauged from several points of view from human carrying capacity, capacity for a given standard of living, or for the diversity of future options, for example. Should (Last Name) 6 our horizon be measured in ecological or evolutionary time in decades and centuries, or in millennia and millions of years? One could well argue that our very success evolutionarily is proof of our ability to modify ecosystems to our advantage and that we can take care of the environment in due course, when we can afford it. The challenge for ecology and environmental studies is to gauge the outcome of human action on ecosystem processes and on our own future. If there is no link between biodiversity and human well-being, then the future may be bleak for diversity but not necessarily for humanity. If that is the case, the fate of diversity will depend on human compassion, esthetics, and emotions rather than on human welfare. How do I see myself fit into it? Because of my knowledge and faith in God, I am well fit to the future. Future means reality and reality is not independently given but is contingent upon our decisions. (George Soros p. 4) Future is just like today that if we neglect and forget will just become nonsense past. â€Å"To see the earth as it truly is, small and blue and beautiful in that eternal silence where it floats, is to see ourselves as riders on the earth together†¦, written by Archibald Macleish. (Al Gore p. 12) The earth is truly a masterpiece so let’s protect our endangered environment. (Last Name) Bibliography Buruma, Ian. Murder in Amsterdam: The Death of Theo Van Gogh and the Limits of Tolerance. New York: Penguin Press, 2006 Gore, Al. An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What We Can Do About It . Rodale, 2006 Soros, George. The Age of Fallibility: Consequences of the War on Terror. Public Affairs, 2006.

Handwashing Practices among Health Workers

Handwashing Practices among Health Workers BACKGROUND Hand washing or hand hygiene is the process of cleaning ones hands with or without the use of water or another liquid, or with the use of soap for the purpose of removing soil, dirt, and/or microorganisms. Handwashing involves five simple and effective steps; Wet, Lather, Scrub, Rinse and Dry. Regular handwashing, particularly before and after certain activities, is one of the best ways to remove germs, avoid getting sick, and prevent the spread of germs to others. Its simple, its quick, and it can keep us all from getting infected (CDC, 2016). The provision of healthcare worldwide is always associated with a potential range of safety problems. Yet, despite advances in healthcare systems, patients remain vulnerable to unintentional harm in hospitals (Devnani et al. 2011; Mani et al. 2010). One of the most significant, current discussions in healthcare delivery in hospitals is healthcare associated infection (HAI), sometimes called hospital acquired infection (Mani et al. 2010; Momen Fernie 2010) or nosocomial infection, which is any infection that a person develops as a result of treatment in hospital (Minnaar 2008, 2). Nosocomial infection is a global public health problem with an estimated 1.5 million suffering consequences at any given time [WHO,2009] noted that at least 25% of all hospital infections in the developing world are nosocomially acquired. The hands of health care providers are major agents of infection transmission in hospitals leading to the campaign to improve hand hygiene, Clean Care is Safer Care [WHO, 2005]. Two types of hand colonizing flora are predominant in hand skins. These are the Resident flora that are not easily removed by the simple friction associated hand washing and the Transient microorganisms which are not usually hand colonizers but they are most likely associated with infection [ Grayson, 2009]. Various types of such microbes are found on patients, instruments and other items and are important in infection transmission  [Hubner, 2006]. Improper hand washing practices serve as means of infection transmission in hospital wards (Duckro, 2005). Hand hygiene was thought to be a key factor in reducing hospital acquired infection during the initial development of healthcare systems (Akyol 2007; Ott French 2009). The battle with HAI started when the Hungarian obstetrician, Semmelweis (1847), observed that puerperal fever was more common on a maternity ward, where physicians and medical students provided care to women in labour, than it was on the ward where midwives assisted deliveries. He noted that physicians and medical students were contaminating their hands while performing autopsies and later attending the examination of women without hand washing. Arguably, he was the first to recognise the importance of hand washing in controlling the transmission of infection (Akyol 2007; Meers et al. 1992; Trampuz Widmer 2004). Equally important was the work of Florence Nightingale during the Crimean war, when she called for basic public health in a military hospital in Scutari in 1854. PROBLEM STATEMENT Hospital acquired infections has resulted in many negative impacts on health workers, patients and families over the world (WHO2012). The working environment, health workers and patients are the main reservoirs of hospital acquired related infection (weber, 2013). The transmission of infection from patient to patient mainly occurs at the hands of health workers (Ellingson K, 2014). The hands of health professionals are contaminated during patient care on a daily bases despite wearing gloves (Kendal A, 2012). Handwashing is critical in the prevention of hospital acquired infections. It is a very simple procedure and work well in the prevention of diseases as people are the carriers of pathogenic microbes. The practice is however unacceptably low among health workers (Takahashi Turale 2010; Trampuz Widmer 2004). Hand hygiene compliance rates in different developed countries rarely exceed 50% (Mani et al. 2010; Maxfield Dull 2011; Ott French 2009). For instance, figures show that in the USA it is 50%, in Switzerland 42% and in the UK 32% (Takahashi Turale 2010). Hence, poor compliance has resulted in high morbidity and mortality. In the USA, there are between 1.7 and 2 million people who contract HAI and 88 to 99 thousand deaths are attributed to HAI annually. Furthermore, HAI affects nearly 10% of hospitalised patients and presents major challenges in healthcare facilities. Consequently, annual medical expenses have increased in the USA to approximately $ 4.5 billion (Maxfield Dull 2011; Smith Lokhorst 2009; Trampuz Widmer 2004). Hand hygiene practice among HCWs is considered to be the single most clinical and cost effective measure to prevent HAI, a view recognised internationally (Momen Fernie 2010; Ott French 2009; Takahashi Turale 2010).The World Health Organisation (WHO) strongly emphasise the essential need for hand hygiene during healthcare delivery, to avoid possible infection and subsequent complications; hence, the Clean Care is Safe Care programme, launched by WHO in 2005 as part of the First Global Patient Safety Challenge. This programme offers new guidelines on hand hygiene training, observation and performance reporting in healthcare settings. Out of every 100 hospitalized patients, at least 7 in high-income and 10 in low-/middle-income countries will acquire a healthcare-associated infection. Among critically ill and vulnerable patients in intensive care units, that figure rises to around 30 per 100 (who,2014). Factors that contribute to poor hand washing compliance include absence of hand washing sinks, time required to perform hand hygiene, patients condition, effect of hand-hygiene products on the skin and inadequate knowledge of the guidelines(Larson and Kretzer, 1995; Simmons et al., 1999;Meengs et al., 1994; Doebbeling et al., 1992; Voss and Widmer, 1997). PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of healthworkers and also compare between healthworkers regarding their knowledge, attitude, and practices on hand washing. MAIN OBJECTIVE To determine hand washing practices among health workers in the Tamale West Hospital. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES Assess the knowledge, practices and attitudes of healthworkers on handwashing Assess the differences across age groups, gender and experience regarding KAP of handwashing Compare between healthworkers regarding KAP of handwashing Assess the availability of resources for handwashing RESEARCH QUESTIONS What is the knowledge, practices and attitudes of healthworkers concerning handwashing? Are there differences across age groups, gender and experience regarding KAP of handwashing? Can KAP between healthworkers regarding handwashing be compared? Are there available resources for handwashing? SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Hand washing is considered the most important single and simple practice for preventing hospital acquired infection. An intricate problem may be caused by a number of factors if there is failure to practice effective hand washing. Understanding the factors that influence this behavior is key to change the behavior of poor effective hand washing practices. More studies are needed to identify, which of the factors contribute significantly to the problem of poor compliance with hand washing recommendation. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS Hand washing Hand washing is the process of cleaning ones hands with or without the use of water or another liquid, or with the use of soap for the purpose of removing soil, dirt, and/or microorganisms. Health care workers Professional personnel working in clinical setting of a health facility Veronica buckets Buckets used to store water for washing of hands Nosocomial infection/hospital acquired infection are infections gotten from the hospital setting. LITERATURE REVIEW KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICES AND ATTITUDES OF HEALTHWORKERS ON HANDWASHING Hand hygiene practice among HCWs is considered to be the single most clinical and cost effective measure to prevent HAI, a view recognized globally. Despite the relative simplicity of this procedure, adherence to hand washing recommendations is unacceptably low, usually well below 50% (Ekwere Okafor, 2013). Most nosocomial infections are thought to be transmitted by the hands of health care workers. It has long been known that hand hygiene among health care workers plays a central role in preventing the transmission of infectious agents. Hand-washing (HW) is the most effectiveway of preventing the spread of infectious diseases But despite a Joint Commission requirementthat Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hand hygiene guidelines be implemented in hospitals, compliance among health care workers remains low The reasons for low compliance to hand hygiene have not been defined in developing countries probably due to limited studies on hand hygiene. Factors that contribute to n oncompliance to HW among health careworkers are: lack of awareness and knowledge among health care workers as regard the importance, techniques, methods and quality of hand hygiene (Abd El Aziz Bakr, 2009). Alex-Hart and Opara, (2011) study on hand washing revealed that, more than halve (55.4%) of the health workers lacked the knowledge of good hand washing technique as most believed it involved the use of soapy water in a basin. This may be due to the fact that running water is not readily available, so the use of soapy water in a basin may have been the available alternative. With its repeated use over time, most health workers may have come to perceive it as the ideal hand washing technique. The NMCS Code of Standards and Conduct requires nurses and midwifes to provide a highstandard of practical care all the time. Yet, the momentum for hand hygiene, some nurses are still presenting with low compliance because they perceive it as not their problem, that it is something to do with infection control staff and they have to deal with it . Furthermore, Nazarko (2009) indicates that nurses often fail to practise hand hygiene because they are busy and they feel hand hygiene takes up precious time. In addition, nurses often perceive that gloves can be used as an alternative to hand hygiene. They usually tend to remove the gloves without washing their hands or use the same gloves to deliver intended care to multiple patients. Even when they remove their gloves, only 20% of nurses actually clean their hands (Ott French 2009). According to Canham, (2011) nurses avoid hand hygiene because they are frightened that skin problems such as dermatitis could develop, especially with alcoh ol hand-rubs. DIFFERENCES ACROSS AGE GROUPS, GENDER AND EXPERIENCE REGARDING KAP OF HANDWASHING Nurses tend to wash their hands more often than doctors and among non-health care workers, females tend to wash their hands more often than males. This study examined the influence of gender on the hand washing rates of health care workers (HCWs). The null hypotheses were that, there would be no inter-gender difference in either hand washing rates in healthcare workers across professions, or within professional groups. Although increased compliance with hand washing protocols has been shown to decrease infection rates, hand washing compliance remains poor, particularly among some professional groups. Studies of hand washing frequency have recorded hand washing rates following patient contact ranging from 10.6% to 61%, and significant differences have long been noted in hand washing frequency between professional groups such as nurses and doctors. (Van de Mortel, 2001) Van de Mortel, (2001) studies again found out found that, registered nurses (RNs) washed their hands following patient contact significantly more often than doctors in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The RNs washed their hands 71% percent of the time, whilst junior and senior resident doctors (RMOs) washed their hands 50% of the time and specialists washed only 25% of the time. He postulated that, failure to wash hands may be a gender-related phenomenon. The proportion of female nurses is considerably higher than the proportion of female doctors. In the above study, 90% of the nurses were female; 45% of RMOs and 6% of specialists were female. (Van de Mortel, 2001). Several studies have examined, among other variables, the influence of gender on hand washing frequency in health care workers however; these studies arrived at conflicting conclusions. Van de Mortel, (2001) found that hand washing frequency in the emergency department was lower among female nurses, RMOs and specialists tha n among males within each of those groups, however, the sample size of the study was small (n = 13 nurses, 11 RMOs, and 11 specialists). In contrast, in an extensive study of hand washing practices in two countries, it revealed that female health care workers were washing their hands more frequently than males, regardless of occupational group. However, this study was based on self-reported practices collected by questionnaire, and a degree of bias may have been introduced due to the fact that non-responders may have exhibited different behavior than responders. There is also a tendency for people to overestimate socially desirable behavior when answering questionnaires. To illustrate the latter point, Van de Mortel, collected data on hand washing frequency among doctors, both by means of questionnaires and by covert observation. He found that doctors estimated that they washed their hands 73% of the time, but the data collected by covert observation showed the percentage of doctors washing their hands following patient contact was in fact only 10.8%. METHODOLOGY This chapter describes the study area, the study design, the study population and the sampling procedure as well as the recruitment of respondents and the data collection procedure. The data entry and analysis is also outlined in this chapter. RESEARCH DESIGN This study is a cross-sectional study method designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of health workers in TTH towards handwashing. Including assessing the differences across age groups, gender and experience regarding knowledge, attitude and practices of handwashing, and also, compare between healthworkers regarding KAP of handwashing RESEARCH SETTING The study will be conducted at the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH). It is a foremost tertiary referral centre providing patient care to residents of Tamale and neighboring towns and cities. There are 30 wards in Tamale Teaching Hospital. There are 74 doctors and 655nurses at the hospital. Hand-washing facilities are located in all the wards and clinics in the hospitals. Each ward is provided with at least a Veronica bucket for hand washing, running tap water, soap (liquid or cake) and sometimes, a towel for hand drying. TARGET POPULATION This study targets the clinical staff of the Tamale Teaching Hospital with a total population of 729. There are 31 wards in Tamale Teaching Hospital SAMPLE, SAMPLE SIZE, AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE The sample size is 360 respondents this was arrived at by the using Cochran formula. Sample Size = [z2 * p(1-p)] / e2 / 1 + [z2 * p(1-p)] / e2 * N] N = population size z = z-score e = margin of error p = standard of deviation N= 729 Z= 1.96 (using 95% confidence interval) E=0.05 P= 0.5 Sample size = [(1.96)2*0.5(1-0.5)]/0.052 / 1 + [1.962*0.5(1-0.5)]/0.052* N Sample size = 384.16/1.076 Sample size= 357 An extra 3 was added to make it a total of 360 respondents. There are 30 wards in the hospital. 12 respondents would be sampled from each ward if they are eligible for the study. INCLUSION CRITERIA Respondents must be registered healthcare workers in the Tamale Teaching Hospital. EXCLUSION CRITERIA Medical, nursing and other clinician students are excluded from this study. DATA COLLECTION TOOL A well-structured questionnaire will be used to collect socio-demographic data, knowledge on handwashing from the respondents. PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION Probability sampling technique will be used. This is to help get an equal proportion of participants from the various wards used. The data collection will employ the use of structured questionnaire which respondents will check and will also give short answers to some questions to solicit data from respondents. All the wards will be successfully visited on a daily basis to get eligible participants for the study. These wards will be visited on a daily bases recruiting respondents until the last questionnaire is administered. The wards in the Tamale Teaching Hospital include; Purposive sampling will be used to select clinicians from the hospital who will be available during the data collection from Tamale Teaching Hospital. The study data will be collected based on the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, general knowledge about handwashing, assess the differences across age groups, gender and their experiences regarding handwashing through the use of a structured questionnaire administered by the research assistants with minimal clarification from the research assistants. Primary data will be collected and used in the analysis. DATA ANALYSIS The data will be coded in excel and then entered into SPSS V.16 for analysis. Responses will be assigned codes in the form of numbers, which will make it easy for keying in the responses into a computer format. Univariate analysis will be done for socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and also for areas that require only descriptive statistics. Bivariate analysis will be performed to find associations or relationships between socio-demographic characteristics and level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of clinicians on handwashing. Likert item was rated on a 1-5 response scale; where strongly agree=5, agree-4, neutral=3, disagree=2, strongly disagree=1. The scores were graded into positive, neutral or negative. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Ethical approval to use the hospital was from the Ethics and Research Committee of the hospital. Formal consent will also be obtained from the respondents prior to administration of questionnaire. Individual participants will be told that the study is purely for academic purpose and names as well as addresses will not be and also needed assuring them of their privacy and confidentiality. Respondents were also told that they had the right not to participate in the study. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The cost and inexperience of researchers in conducting this study will be a challenge. Also, bias in the sampling procedure can also occur. REFERENCES Abd Elaziz, K.M. Bakr, I.M (2009) . Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of hand washing among health care workers in Ain Shams University hospitals, Cairo, Egypt J PREV MED HYG 2009; 50: 19-25 Alex-Hart A. B. and Opara, P. I. (2011). Handwashing Practices amongst Health Workers in a Teaching Hospital. American Journal of Infectious Diseases 7 (1): 8-15, 2011 Ekwere, T. A Okafor P. I (2013) Hand hygiene knowledge and practices among healthcare providers in a tertiary hospital, South West Nigeria Nazarko, L. 2009. Potential pitfalls in adherence to hand washing in the community, British Journal of Community Nursing 14:2, 64-68. Ott, M. French, R. 2009. Hand hygiene compliance among healthcare staff and student nurses in a mental health setting, Mental Health Nursing 30, 702-704. Van de Mortel, T. F. (2001) Gender Influences Hand washing Rates In the CriticalCare Unit. American Journal of Infection Control, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 395-399.

Lilys Choice in The House of Mirth Essay -- House Mirth Essays

Lily's Choice in The House of Mirth      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Near the beginning of The House of Mirth, Wharton establishes that Lily would not indeed have cared to marry a man who was merely rich: "she was secretly ashamed of her mothers crude passion for money" (38). Lily, like the affluent world she loves, has a strange relationship with money. She needs money to buy the type of life she has been raised to live, and her relative poverty makes her situation precarious. Unfortunately, Lily has not been trained to obtain money through a wide variety of methods. Wharton's wealthy socialites do not all procure money in the same way: money can be inherited, earned working in a hat shop, won at cards, traded scandalously between married men and unmarried women, or speculated for in the stock market. For Lily, the world of monetary transactions presents formidable difficulties; she was born, in a sense, to marry into money, and she cannot seem to come to it any other way. She is incapable of mastering the world of ec onomic transactions, to the point that a direct exchange is repulsive to her highly specialized nature. Finally, these exchanges and the obstacles they present prove to be the end of her, and Wharton's text joins naturalism's Darwinian rules to an economic world. Whether Lily's death is accidental or a suicide does not really matter in Wharton's vision, because the choice facing Lily at the end of the novel--to make a transaction or to make a transaction--necessitates her death. Near the end of the novel, Wharton's protagonist must make a choice--but both options are part of the environment in which Lily has not evolved to survive. In Lily's attempt at wage-earning and her moral dilemma regarding Rosedale's marria... ...1975. Lyde, Marilyn Jones.   Edith Wharton, Convention and Morality in the Work of a Novelist.   Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1959. Miller, Mandy.   Edith Wharton Page.   19 Nov. 2002  Ã‚  Ã‚   <http://www.Kutztown.edu/faculty/Reagan.Wharton.html>. Pizer, Donald.   "The Naturalism of Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth."   Twentieth Century Literature 41.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (1995): 241-8. Rehak, Melanie. Rev. of The House of Mirth, by Edith Wharton.   Amazon.com 28 Oct. 2002  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  <http://www.amazon.com/execs/obidos/ASIN/055321320/hallbook/>.   Ruschmann, Paul.   "Climbing the Social Ladder...In the Wrong Direction."   Rev. of The House of Mirth, by Edith Wharton.   Epinions.com 28 Oct. 2002   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   <http://www.epinions.com/./book-review-6AF6-7A25B6D-39DA>. Wharton, Edith. The House of Mirth. (1905) New York: Signet,. 1998.   

The Individual vs. Society in Mrs. Warrens Profession Essay -- Mrs. W

Often in life there is a conflict between what is good for the individual and the moral values placed upon the individual by society.   This is true of the characters in George Bernard Shaw's play Mrs. Warren's Profession.   Shaw clearly demonstrates that actions frowned upon by society are not necessarily evil so long as they benefit the individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perhaps the most obvious example of societal morals conflicting with individual need is the case of Mrs. Kitty Warren.   Mrs. Warren is a woman whose economic standing and lack of any professional skills forced her into becoming a prostitute. Obviously such a profession is against the beliefs of the society that she lives in.   Not only is she not ashamed of her occupation, she is proud of the amount of money that it, as well as managing several houses of prostitution, has made for her. When asked of any shame about her job by her daughter she states, "Well of course dearie, it's only good manners to be ashamed of it: it's expected of a woman." This statement shows that the only reason that one would be ashamed of it is because of society says that one should be.   She feels that the restrictions that society has placed on women has made it impossible for her to pursue any other lifestyle.   She demonstrates this by saying, "It's far better than any other emp loyment open to [women]...   It can't be right, Vivie, that there shouldn't be better opportunities for women."   Shaw is attempting to evoke sympathy for the character of Mrs. Warren by pitting her against a society that is against her.   He is quite obviously in favor of the actions that Mrs. Warren has taken, as demonstrated by the very reasonable rationalization for what she has done and the approving reaction of her daughte... ...in acting as the representative of Shaw's views, is constantly blowing off his attempts at winning her affection.   Finally gives up his attempts when he realizes how her mother earns the money. He states , "I really can' bring myself to touch the old woman's money now."   Vivie is quite glad to be rid of him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shaw's opinions on society against the individual are clearly outlined in this play.   Through the actions and words of the character Vivie it can be clearly seen that he finds nothing wrong with breaking the rules placed on people by society, providing that it is for a good reason and not simply for self indulgence.   The conclusion could be drawn that Shaw feels that these morals are fine in a perfect society, but since we do not live in one they must be broken occasionally in order to attain a better life, providing that it is done only in moderation.

Law of Diffusion of Gases

Thomas Graham studied the behavior of the diffusion of gases of unequal densities when placed in contact with each other, using air as his control. He wanted to numerically prove how the diffusion of the gas volumes was inversely proportional to the value of the density of the gas, under constant temperature and pressure. The significance of this experiment was that in led to a reevaluation of the concept of the movement of matter, realizing that diffusion dealt with small immeasurable elements of matter, as opposed to large volumes of air, as perceived in the corpuscular theory, shedding light into the study of the behavior and structure of matter. Graham’s initial objective was to establish a numerical value regarding the gas density and its diffusiveness for ten different gases, establishing that the greater the gas’s density the smaller the value and rate of diffusiveness compared to air. He predicted that gases moved by diffusion when placed together in the form of minute volumes, were the heavier gas would tend to accumulate on one side while the lighter gas displaced towards the denser gas until a uniform mixture was achieved. In light of this, he predicted that if controlling temperature and pressure he would achieve the gases to diffuse and establish a numerical value. However no hypothesis was established based on the limited information at their disposal of matter. However seeing how gases diffused proportionately despite the aperture size, Graham perceived that diffusion dealt with minute particles as opposed to large volumes. The gas’s diffusion volume was achieved once the gas inside the stucco container was entirely replaced by external air, being this new volume the equivalent volume of diffusion. Once established the volume, he used his law of diffusion to provide a numerical value and verify the exactness of his formula. This was achieved by observing the change in height of the level of mercury. The use of a stucco plug channel containers was suitable to lessen the effect of gas absorption by the material and avoid the gas’s expansion or contraction when atmospheric conditions varied; in addition to this the fact that temperature and pressure were kept constant meant the movement of the gases was because of simple diffusion and not by an external force. Using air as a unit measure, meant variations in duplicability of results due to the air’s heterogeneous nature making the experiment inconclusive. They used air as their measure unit since they did not have the technology to test the direct interaction of single separate samples of gases, being unable to study properly their behavior. This experiment was accurate when comparing the results with the theoretical values, and consistent to previous experimental observations. The results showed to be always below the theory value explained by means of their materials absorption nature and slight variations in conditions and instrument’s precision. Despite this Graham was able to establish a clear numerical relationship using equivalent diffusion volumes, however with slight exceptions to certain gases that had to be further tested. Graham’s prediction of being density a factor, which determined the diffusiveness of gas, was corroborated at the sight that lighter gases than air such as hydrogen diffused more easily. In addition the accuracy of the results helped to determine the value of the gas’s gravity, which would further provide evidence for the study of matter. In addition the fact that intermixture of gases was achieved under controlled conditions, despite the size of contact surface, provided evidence of minute particle diffusion and led Graham to speculated further on the constituents of matter, not explained through the corpuscular theory, would lead to development of the colloid theory in the future. In conclusion this research paper showed that Graham verified a numerical value for the diffusion of gases with varying densities. However Graham’s observations led him to further speculate on the idea that diffusion was related to immeasurable elements, as opposed to sensible volumes. This paper provides valuable evidence on how the study and discovery of minute particles evolved as the corpuscular theory failed to explain the nature of matter.

Analysis of the film “We Need To Talk About Kevin”

â€Å"We Need to Talk About Kevin† is a movie adaptation of Lionel Shriver’s novel with the same title. The story revolves around a family of four, but the main focus is on the relationship between the mother (Eva, played by Tilda Swinton) and the son (Kevin, played by Rock River, Jasper Newell and Ezra Miller). The movie goes back and forth in time to show different points in Eva’s life. The use of flashbacks and the clever combination of the ‘past’ and ‘present’ scenes illustrates the contrast of what her life was like with her family and without, certain details in both let us know what Eva was thinking and feeling. There is a great significance to details in this film. For example the use of the colour red, this could represent fear, blood and the tense relationships Eva had not only with Kevin but also Franklin, her husband. At the beginning of the movie we see people in a pool of red, this makes us think of violence, a massacre, but really it’s just a tomato festival filmed from a distance. This scene seems strange and out of place, but it sets a certain mood and is also a way of introducing Eva’s occupation. Eva is a well-paid travel guide author, she is absoloutly in love with her job and gets to travel around the world. Her husband and her are passionatly inlove with one another, however Franklin prefers her at home. Franklin wants a child and after some time, once Eva is pregnant it is quite clear that she isn’t thrilled about this, however details such as little ballerinas running around suggest she wishes for a girl. Also you can read Analysis July at the Multiplex She eventually gives birth to Kevin, and we can tell from the very beginning that something isn’t right when he cries all the time except when he’s with his father Franklin. The movie lets us follow through the growing up of Kevin, the way he manipulates with his family and uses genius and cruel ways to get what he wants. As a baby he clearly prefers Franklin, but he’s always working while Eva stays at home with Kevin. This makes Eva exhausted and it doesn’t get much better with time. As a toddler, Kevin continues to be disobediant. He doesn’t communicate with Eva or respond to any of her actions, so she takes him to the doctor thinking he has autism. The doctor confirms that there isn’t anything wrong with him medically, which seems to break Eva’s heart as this means that to Kevin there is something wrong with her. She admits she was much happier before, but she never gives up on Kevin. She possibly sees Kevin as a challange that she can later add to her accomplishments or maybe she realizes it’s her duty to always be there for him, no matter what. Kevin is a very troubled and difficult character, from an early age he seems to do everything he can to make Eva miserable and he takes pleasure from this. He starts playing violent videogames and as a teenager he collects computer viruses. He continues to use nappies until about the age of 6 and once Eva gives birth to her second child Celia, the first thing Kevin does is splash some water in her eyes. However, there are some scenes which let us know that despite Kevin’s ‘cool’ act he is interested in his mum, that instead of his usual ‘whatever’ to everything, he does have prferences, and that he isn’t emotionless and behind the ‘mask’ he could be a normal boy. Kevin has a way of making sure everyone does what he wants. He blackmails Eva, pretends to be a sweet little boy infront of Franklin and uses the fact that Celia adores him to order her around and express his violent ways on her, knowing she’ll never betray him. Kev in seems to live only for his mother, he doesn’t really care about Franklin and Celia, they’re just his tools, the end of the movie proves this point. The peek of the story, as well as the borderline between ‘past’ and ‘present’ is a massacre carried out by Kevin, where he kills a number of people. He plans this for some time and commits the crime just before his 16th birthday. This is his grand finale of making Eva’s life a living hell, knowing that this time it’s permanent. He is very succesful in doing this as not only does the whole town now hate her but she hates herself too, blaming herself for what Kevin’s done. She punishes herself with a boring new job, tiny house and the memories. After the massacre she pays visits to Kevin in the juvenile prison, he continues to annoy her at every chance he gets until a few days before his 18th birthday (also the 2 year anniversary of the massacre) he finally seems to have realized that this wasn’t just a joke. Read also  Case 302 July in Multiplex The end of the movie is open to interpretation. To me it shows Eva ready to move on with life and accept her son the way he is. I don’t think she forgave him or ever will, but she possibly realized that having him as a reminder of everything is punishment enough and there is no reason not to continue living. I liked the movie, I thought the acting was incredible and the choice of actors, especially for Kevin was great too, he looked like the same person throughout all the stages of his life. I think the viewers have a lot to think about as the story unfolds, I like that there was no definite answer to anything, just like in everyday life, we have to try and understand things ourselves.

Internet Tools at Dirt Bikes Essay

Internet Tools at Dirt Bikes Teresa Brennan July 10, 2010 IT/205 Gelonda Martin In business today it is a necessity for communication channels to be as efficient as possible. Dirt Bikes’ current means of communication is antiquated and without further investment in technology, will stunt the operations and growth of the organization. A complete overhaul of the IT infrastructure is recommended. Although there are significant costs associated with implementing a new system, the pay-off would be in the increased sales and customer satisfaction, thereby the system upgrade would become a revenue generator. The success of Dirt Bikes new IT implementation would facilitate quick access to the internet and market information which the company will use to make strategic decisions. A computer network connects two or more computers so employees can work together sharing data across computers. The infrastructure of the network would make data available to view in all departments. Dirt Bikes would to set up a wide area network (WAN) for the business to operate across global areas. The ability to communicate anywhere anytime would allow the company to respond immediately to customer needs, order rocessing, and part suppliers saving time and money by keeping up with current inventory. Connecting the WAN allows employees to send and receive important information from anywhere globally via PDAs or laptop devices and provide almost instant responses to management, customers, vendors and other areas where efficient and immediate communication is preferred such as monitoring global industry trends happening 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Dirt Bikes offices would offer Wi-Fi hotspots that would enable employees to access PDAs and laptops from anywhere within the building. Employees could move around from floor to floor and office to office and still be connected to incoming messages and requests from suppliers, customers and colleagues and respond without leaving their current location. Employees have more control over managing their time when they are able to conduct business from remote locations. They will also have a greater sense of empowerment, learning and freedom from accessing an intranet and internet through a Wi-Fi connection. There is a certain freedom in being able to conduct efficient business from multiple locations, and with the 36 network available through nternet providers, the possibilities to connect anywhere are endless. Dirt Bikes’ employees ultimately benefit from reduced stress from higher efficiency and more flexibility in work environment. According to an article by Bradley Mitchell, wireless gear costs a bit more than the wired Ethernet products (About. com. 2010). The equipment needed for wireless can cost nearly three times as much depending on wireless signal 802. 11b and 802. 1 lg. The 802. 11b products have dropped in price with the release of 802. 1 lg, which can lead to cost savings in a signal choice. Of course there is a possibi t signal interterence witn wireless LANS, but are more convenient for businesses with outside salespersons and the efficiency of direct communication. The network would house a closed Intranet with employee access for any information necessary to conduct Dirt Bikes business on a daily basis. The Intranet would become the improved means of communication between employees and their designated departments and have all the company’s resources and documents cataloged. Employees could access company information and Human Resources documents online instead of placing calls to the department and otentially interrupting fellow co-workers from current projects. By recording documents, solutions and general information about vendors, distributors, customers and even market conditions, Dirt Bikes can begin to build a sophisticated network of knowledge that makes future business more reliable, highly accurate and efficient. An intranet would allow Dirt Bikes to reduce overhead in parts storage costs by reducing the number of stocked parts through rapid communication of parts ordered and available. In the near future, the goal would be to have Dirt Bikes implement a RFID tags on incoming manufacturing parts. Production teams would have more time to complete order processing if they did not have to manually log incoming stock into the warehouses. A significant savings would result from reduced overhead costs for storage warehouses and the employees to stock and maintain them. Dirt Bikes’ customers would enjoy the majority of the benefits of implementing a new IT infrastructure. Employees will no longer have to rely on placing several phone calls to gather information before providing customer solutions; they would provide immediate attention and problem-solving utilizing the data at their fingertips. The result is a better customer experience because sales and service staff are able to communicate accurate information to customers. Marketing knows the customer’s past orders which helps to anticipate future repeat business and forecasting. Overall, there would be an anticipation that repeat customer business would increase substantially within one year. Web 2. 0 solutions could be implemented to help monitor the motorcycle industry. Dirt Bikes’ market researchers could access information about competitors and house it on the Intranet for sales and marketing teams to evaluate. Those same researchers could request RSS feeds from multiple blogs relevant to the motorcycle industry thereby gaining pertinent real-time industry knowledge. Dirt Bikes could set up a type of live chat line for potential customers to discuss and get answers on products and services. This type of service would improve sales by improving customer service with repeat sales and attracting new buyers. I would set up a platform for voice over internet protocol (VoIP). Using a microphone and speakers Dirt Bikes can have conference calls from any office without rewiring or reconfiguring the network. According to the text written by K. Lauden and J. Lauden, there are costs up front but in the long run will save the company 20-30% by eliminating outside telephone services (2009). VoIP can also carry the company’s voice mail and e-mail services. In conclusion, these changes I have proposed to Dirt Bikes will benefit the employees with increased sales due to better communication between departments, vendors and the customer. Having data updated every time a transaction occurs provides better production and efficiency for the company because the rapid flow of information keeps inventory